Recentadvancesincarbon‐basedmaterials for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation:Assemblies,structures,applications,and prospective

The shortage of fresh water in the world has brought upon a serious crisis to human health and economic development.Solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation including evaporating seawater,lake water,or river water has been recognized as an environmentally friendly process for obtaining clean water in a low‐cost way.However,water transport is restricted by itself by solar energy absorption capacity's limits,especially for finite evaporation rates and insufficient working life.Therefore,it is important to seek photothermal conversion materials that can efficiently absorb solar energy and reasonably design solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation devices.This paper reviews the research progress of carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and the mechanism for solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion water evaporation,as well as the summary of the design and development of the devices.Based on the research progress and achievements of photothermal conversion materials and devices in the fields of seawater desalination and photothermal electric energy generation in recent years,the challenges and opportunities faced by carbon‐based photothermal conversion materials and devices are discussed.The prospect of the practical application of solar‐driven interfacial photothermal conversion evaporation technology is foreseen,and theoretical guidance is provided for the further development of this technology.

S掺杂的还原态TiO_(2-x)的制备及其可见光催化性能（英文）

作为一种稳定、价廉的光催化剂,TiO_2被广泛应用于各种污染物的降解;但是,较大的宽禁带(~3.2 eV)和较低的电子迁移率不仅使TiO_2很难吸收可见光,而且光生电子和空穴的复合几率高,从而导致TiO_2的总体光电效率不高.因此,设计能够被可见光激发、并具有快速光生电子传输的TiO_2一直是研究热点.研究表明,Ti^(3+)自掺杂的TiO_2(还原态TiO_(2-x))不仅能够被可见光激发,而且使TiO_2具有良好的电子导电性,从而有利于提高TiO_2的光电转换效率.另外,非金属元素的掺杂能够减小TiO_2的禁带宽度,使TiO_2能够响应可见光并具有良好的可见光催化性能,其中S元素的掺杂被广泛研究.目前,S掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备通常采用TiS2,单质S,硫脲、二甲亚砜等为S源,但这类原料通常价格昂贵或者具有一定的毒性,因而实际应用受到限制.而制备Ti^(3+)自掺杂TiO_2的方法大都是基于'还原法',在真空或强还原性气氛如H_2,CO中加热TiO_2,或采用高能粒子(电子、氩离子)轰击.在实际应用中,这些方法存在步骤多、条件苛刻、反应时间长和设备昂贵等不足.而且,还原法反应通常发生在颗粒的表面,形成的Ti^(3+)很容易被空气和水中的溶解O2氧化,降低材料的稳定性.虽然在温和的液相中还原Ti4+可用于制备Ti^(3+)掺杂的TiO_2,但是由于反应过程中有副产物生成,需要进行后续处理才能得到纯的Ti^(3+)自掺杂TiO_2.因此,设计一种简单的制备S掺杂还原态TiO_(2-x)光催化剂仍具有十分重要的意义.前期我们采用H_2O_2氧化TiH_2得到不同状态的前驱体凝胶,然后进行不同方式的后处理得到Ti^(3+)自掺杂的纳米TiO_2.本文以TiH_2和H_2O_2反应得到的黄色前驱体凝胶为Ti源,以价格低廉、无毒、稳定的二氧化硫脲为S源和还原剂,采用不同的方法制备了S掺杂的还原态TiO_(2-x)光催化剂.本文初步研究了在凝胶中加入二氧化硫脲后进行水热处理,以及将干燥的凝胶粉末与二氧化硫脲混合热处理对所得产物的影响.并与纯的TiO_2、还原态TiO_(2-x)和S掺杂TiO_2的光吸收、电化学、光催化性能进行对比研究.采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、比表面分析和电化学工作站等技术对产物的结构、形貌和光电性能进行了表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)溶液为模拟废水,考察样品的可见光催化性能.结果表明,不同的后续处理方式不仅影响S掺杂TiO_(2-x)的结晶性和形貌,而且影响产物的光吸收性能和电子传输性能,从而使不同条件下所得产物的可见光催化性能不同.其中,采用热处理方式得到的S掺杂TiO_(2-x)样品在可见光下降解RhB的速率分别是纯的TiO_2,TiO_(2-x)和S掺杂TiO_2的31,2.5和3.6倍,而且样品具有良好的循环稳定性.

Carbon materials from melamine sponges for supercapacitors and lithium battery electrode materials: A review

With the increasing energy demand together with the deteriorating environment and decreasing fossil fuel resources,the development of highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices is one of the key challenges of both fundamental and applied research in energy technology.Melamine sponges(MS)with low density,high nitrogen content,and high porosity have been used to design and obtain three‐dimensional porous carbon electrode materials.More importantly,they are inexpensive,environment‐friendly,and easy to synthesize.There have been many reports on the modification of carbonized MS and MS‐based composites for supercapacitor and lithium battery electrode materials.In this paper,recent studies on the fabrication of electrode materials using MS as raw materials have been mainly reviewed,including carbonation,doping activation,and composite modification of MS,and expectations for the development of porous carbon materials for energy storage as a reference with excellent performance,environment‐friendliness,and long life.

Enhanced soft magnetic properties of iron powders through coating MnZn ferrite by one-step sol–gel synthesis

The MnZn ferrite coating formed on the surface of iron-based soft magnetic powders via facile and modified sol–gel process has been fabricated to obtain better magnetic performance due to its higher permeability compared with traditional nonmagnetic insulation coatings. The influence of the MnZn ferrite contents on the magnetic performance of the soft magnetic composites(SMCs) has been studied. As the MnZn insulation content increases, the core loss first experiences a decreasing trend that is followed by progressive increase, while the permeability follows an increasing trend and subsequently degrades. The optimized magnetic performance is achieved with 2.0 wt% MnZn ferrite, which results from the decrement of inter-particle eddy current losses based on loss separation. A uniform and compact coating layer composed of MnZn ferrite and oxides with an average thickness of 0.38 ± 0.08 μm is obtained by utilizing ion beam technology, and the interface between the powders and the coating shows satisfied adhesiveness compared with the sample directly prepared by mechanical mixing. The evolution of the coating layers during the calcination process has been presented based on careful analysis of the composition and microstructure.

Ti^(3+) self-doped TiO_2 photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting and photoelectrocatalytic pollutant degradation

To improve the harvesting of visible light and reduce the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes,Ti^(3+)self-doped Ti O_2 nanoparticles were synthesized and assembled into photoanodes with high visible light photoelectrochemical properties.X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectra,electron resonance spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectra were used to characterize the structure,crystallinity,morphology and other properties of the obtained nanoparticles.UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra showed that the Ti^(3+)self-doped Ti O_2 nanoparticles had a strong absorption between 400 and 800 nm.Moreover,when hydrothermal treatment time was prolonged to 22 h,the heterogeneous junction was formed between the anatase and rutile Ti O_2,where the anatase particles exposed highly active {001} facets.Under visible light irradiation,the Ti^(3+)self-doped Ti O_2 electrode exhibited an excellent photoelectrocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B(Rh B) and water splitting performance.Intriguingly,by selecting an appropriate hydrothermal time,the high photoconversion efficiency of 1.16% was achieved.

g-C_(3)N_(4)-coated MnO_(2)hollow nanorod cathode for stable aqueous Zn-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are attracting considerable attention because of their high safety compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries.Manganese-based materials have been widely developed for zinc-ion batteries cathode owning to their low cost,high security and simple preparation.However,the severe volume expansion and poor stability during charging and discharging limit the further development of manganese-based cathodes.Herein,superiorα-MnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)was successfully prepared for stable zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)cathode by introducing g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets.Compared with pureα-MnO_(2),αMnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)has a specific capacity of 298 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 A·g^(-1).Even at 1 A·g^(-1),theα-MnO_(2)@g-C_(3)N_(4)still retains 100 mAh·g^(-1)(83.4%retention after 5000 cycles),implying its excellent cycling stability.Theα-MnO_(2)@gC_(3)N_(4)-based cathode has the highest energy density(563 Wh·kg^(-1))and power energy density(2170 W·kg^(-1)).This work provides new avenues for the development of a wider range of cathode materials for ZIBs.

Ultrasonic-assisted pyrolyzation fabrication of reduced SnO2-x/g-C3N4 heterojunctions： Enhance photoelectro- chemical and photocatalytic activity under visible LED light irradiation

新奇 SnO 2x /g-C3 N 4 异质接面 nanocomposites 减少的 SnO 2x nanoparticles 和 exfoliated g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets 被一个方便一步舞热分解方法准备。同样准备的 nanocomposites 的结构、词法、光的性质详细被描绘，显示 g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets 被小、分散得好的 SnO 2x nanoparticles 阻止。nanocomposites 的紫外可见的光谱学吸收乐队比纯 SnO 2 或 g-C 3 N 4 。发生在 nanocomposites 的费用转移和再结合过程用线性扫描 voltammetry 和电气化学的阻抗光谱学被调查。在 30-W visible-light-emitting 二极管照耀下面，包含 27.4 wt.% SnO 2x 的异质接面展出了 0.0468 妈牴捡牡潢祸楬?楤湡票牤摩?倨?的最高的光电流密度??圠?敤潭獮牴瑡?桴瑡?湵楬敫倠??映汩?倠??渠湡牯摯?硥楨楢獴漠瑰捩污眠癡来極敤映慥畴敲?攠桮湡散?L潳灲楴湯?湡?牆湥敫?硥楣慴楴湯攠業獳潩?湩琠敨瘠獩扩敬爠来潩??摤瑩潩慮汬?眠?敭獡牵摥琠敨攠敬瑣楲慣?牰灯牥楴獥漠?呐??慮潮潲獤?湩汣摵湩?桴?潣摮'讟N楶祴愠潬杮琠敨朠潲瑷?楤敲瑣潩?景琠敨渠湡牯摯?桷捩?獩爠畯桧祬???