It is found that the winter(December-February)barrier layer(BL)in the Bay of Bengal(BoB)acts as a dynamical thermostat,modulating the subsequent summer BoB sea surface temperature(SST)variability and potentially affec...It is found that the winter(December-February)barrier layer(BL)in the Bay of Bengal(BoB)acts as a dynamical thermostat,modulating the subsequent summer BoB sea surface temperature(SST)variability and potentially affecting the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)onset and associated rainfall variability.In the years when the prior winter BL is anomalously thick,anomalous sea surface cooling caused by intensified latent heat flux loss appears in the BoB starting in October and persists into the following year by positive cloud-SST feedback.During January-March,the vertical entrainment of warmer subsurface water induced by the anomalously thick BL acts to damp excessive cooling of the sea surface caused by atmospheric forcing and favors the development of deep atmospheric convection over the BoB.During March-May,the thinner mixed layer linked to the anomalously thick BL allows more shortwave radiation to penetrate below the mixed layer.This tends to maintain existing cold SST anomalies,advancing the onset of ISM and enhancing June ISM precipitation through an increase in the land-sea tropospheric thermal contrast.We also find that most of the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5(CMIP5)models fail to reproduce the observed relationship between June ISM rainfall and the prior winter BL thickness.This may be attributable to their difficulties in realistically simulating the winter BL in the BoB and ISM precipitation.The present results indicate that it is important to realistically capture the winter BL of the BoB in climate models for improving the simulation and prediction of ISM.展开更多
Resistin is a newly identified adipocyte secreted hormone belonging to a cysteine-rich protein family. It is expressed in white adipose tissues in rodents and has also been found in several other tissues in human. Ins...Resistin is a newly identified adipocyte secreted hormone belonging to a cysteine-rich protein family. It is expressed in white adipose tissues in rodents and has also been found in several other tissues in human. Insulin, glucose, many cytokines and anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones are regulators of resistin gene expression. Resistin was firstly proposed to be involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it was found to be relevant to inflammation and inflammation-related diseases like atherosclerosis and arthritis.展开更多
基金The Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under contract No.KYCX22_0587the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.B230205012.
文摘It is found that the winter(December-February)barrier layer(BL)in the Bay of Bengal(BoB)acts as a dynamical thermostat,modulating the subsequent summer BoB sea surface temperature(SST)variability and potentially affecting the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)onset and associated rainfall variability.In the years when the prior winter BL is anomalously thick,anomalous sea surface cooling caused by intensified latent heat flux loss appears in the BoB starting in October and persists into the following year by positive cloud-SST feedback.During January-March,the vertical entrainment of warmer subsurface water induced by the anomalously thick BL acts to damp excessive cooling of the sea surface caused by atmospheric forcing and favors the development of deep atmospheric convection over the BoB.During March-May,the thinner mixed layer linked to the anomalously thick BL allows more shortwave radiation to penetrate below the mixed layer.This tends to maintain existing cold SST anomalies,advancing the onset of ISM and enhancing June ISM precipitation through an increase in the land-sea tropospheric thermal contrast.We also find that most of the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5(CMIP5)models fail to reproduce the observed relationship between June ISM rainfall and the prior winter BL thickness.This may be attributable to their difficulties in realistically simulating the winter BL in the BoB and ISM precipitation.The present results indicate that it is important to realistically capture the winter BL of the BoB in climate models for improving the simulation and prediction of ISM.
文摘Resistin is a newly identified adipocyte secreted hormone belonging to a cysteine-rich protein family. It is expressed in white adipose tissues in rodents and has also been found in several other tissues in human. Insulin, glucose, many cytokines and anti-diabetic thiazolidinediones are regulators of resistin gene expression. Resistin was firstly proposed to be involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it was found to be relevant to inflammation and inflammation-related diseases like atherosclerosis and arthritis.
