Exploring device physics of perovskite solar cell via machine learning with limited samples

Perovskite solar cells(PsCs)have developed tremendously over the past decade.However,the key factors influencing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of PSCs remain incompletely understood,due to the complexity and coupling of these structural and compositional parameters.In this research,we demon-strate an effective approach to optimize PSCs performance via machine learning(ML).To address chal-lenges posed by limited samples,we propose a feature mask(FM)method,which augments training samples through feature transformation rather than synthetic data.Using this approach,squeeze-and-excitation residual network(SEResNet)model achieves an accuracy with a root-mean-square-error(RMSE)of 0.833%and a Pearson's correlation coefficient(r)of 0.980.Furthermore,we employ the permu-tation importance(PI)algorithm to investigate key features for PCE.Subsequently,we predict PCE through high-throughput screenings,in which we study the relationship between PCE and chemical com-positions.After that,we conduct experiments to validate the consistency between predicted results by ML and experimental results.In this work,ML demonstrates the capability to predict device performance,extract key parameters from complex systems,and accelerate the transition from laboratory findings to commercialapplications.

State of China’s climate in 2023

China witnessed a warm and dry climate in 2023.The annual surface air temperature reached a new high of 10.71℃,with the hottest autumn and the second hottest summer since 1961.Meanwhile,the annual precipitation was the second lowest since 2012,at 615.0 mm.Precipitation was less than normal from winter to summer,but more in autumn.Consistent with the annual condition,precipitation in the flood season from May to September was also the second lowest since 2012,which was 4.3%less than normal,with the anomalies in the central and eastern parts of China being higher in central areas and lower in the north and south.On the contrary,the West China Autumn Rain brought much more rainfall than normal,with an earlier start and later end.Although there was less annual precipitation in 2023,China suffered seriously from heavy precipitation events and floods.In particular,from the end of July to the beginning of August,a rare,extremely strong rainstorm caused by Typhoon Dussuri hit Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei,causing an abrupt alteration from drought to flood conditions in North China.By contrast,Southwest China experienced continuous drought from the previous autumn to current spring.In early summer,North China and the Huanghuai region experienced the strongest high-temperature process since 1961.Nevertheless,there were more cold-air processes than normal impacting China,with the most severe of the year occurring in mid-January.Unexpectedly,in spring,there were more sand and dust occurrences in northern China.

轻掺杂硅基神经电极的光噪声消减

硅基神经电极是记录神经细胞放电活动的一种实用工具。使用标准的集成电路加工技术,在宽度仅为70μm的单个硅基针上能排布上千个电极记录位点。光遗传学的发展使控制神经元活动更加精确,通过在给予光刺激的同时记录神经元的电活动,可以获取更丰富的脑活动信息。当使用黄光或蓝光刺激神经元时,光子的能量大于硅衬底的禁带宽度,价带电子被激发到导带,从而生成电子-空穴对。因此,在光刺激下使用硅基神经电极时,硅基板中的光生载流子将严重干扰电极的信噪比。为满足在光刺激同时记录电活动的应用需求,必须减少光对硅基神经电极的噪声干扰。传统的降噪方法是使用重掺杂硅作为衬底材料,通过增加杂质浓度来降低载流子寿命,从而降低硅电极的光学噪声。但是,重掺杂的硅衬底比轻掺杂的硅衬底具有更多的晶格缺陷,这使得硅基电极更加脆弱,并且该方法与标准的集成电路加工技术不兼容。通过分析在轻掺杂硅衬底上制造电极的光致噪声机理,我们发现由光激发产生的载流子的不均匀分布将使轻掺杂硅衬底极化。由光致极化引起的电势将影响在其上制造的电极。将轻掺杂硅衬底金属化和接地将有效降低极化电位。使用这种方法,由光诱发的噪声幅度将下降到原始值的0.87%。为了确保神经元的放电率,将光刺激脉冲频率选择为20 Hz。在1 mW·mm^(-2)的光照下,电极的背景噪声可控制在45μV以下,可以满足一般光遗传学应用的需求。经过上述方式改造后的轻掺杂硅衬底将满足光遗传学应用对神经探针的要求。与传统的通过重掺杂整个衬底降低光噪声方法不同,该方法与标准的集成电路加工技术兼容,为利用标准集成电路加工技术制备高密度、高通量硅电极提供了噪声消除方法。

State of China’s climate in 2021

This report is a summary of China’s climate,as well as major weather and climate events,during 2021.In 2021,the mean temperature in China was 10.5°C,which was 1.0°C above normal(1981–2010 average)and broke the highest record since 1951.The annual rainfall in China was 672.1 mm,which was 6.7%above normal.Also,the annual rainfall in northern China was 40.2%above normal,which ranked second highest since 1961.The rainstorm intensity in the rainy season was strong and featured significant extremes,and disasters caused by rainstorms and flooding were more serious than the average in the past decade.In particular,the extremely strong rainstorm in Henan during July and autumn caused flooding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River with severe consequences.Heatwaves occurred more frequently than normal,and their durations in southern China were longer than normal in summer and autumn.Phased drought was obvious,and caused serious impacts in South China.The number of generated and landfalling typhoons was lower than normal;however,Typhoon In-fa broke the record for the longest overland duration,held since 1949,and affected a wide area.Severe convective weather and extreme windy weather occurred frequently,causing serious impacts.The number of cold waves was more than normal,which caused wide-ranging extremely low temperatures in many places.Sandstorms appeared earlier than normal in 2021,and the number of strong dust storm processes was more than normal.

积极主义刑法观下公共卫生事件中的刑法适用——围绕司法解释性文件的展开

针对新型冠状病毒性肺炎疫情的防控,作为司法解释性文件的2020年《关于依法惩治妨害新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情防控违法犯罪的意见》介入社会治理的维度更多,范围更广,呈现出应对社会新问题的活跃姿态。对于其内容是否有违刑法谦抑主义,应当在具体的刑法观下进行判断。从当前的发展趋势看,我国应当采取积极主义刑法观,实现适度而有效的犯罪化。同时,应始终将保护法益作为刑法的价值追求,避免陷入"新刑法工具主义"。鉴于此,突发公共卫生事件中对司法解释性文件的适用,应在强调保护公共安全、维护社会秩序的同时,遵守罪刑法定主义,避免对条文的不当扩张解释,并重视考量违法阻却事由及个案责任要素,以保障公民的个人权益。

State of China’s Climate in 2020

This report is a summary of China’s climate,as well as major weather and climate events,during 2020.In 2020,the mean air temperature in China was 10.25℃,which was 0.7℃ above normal(1981–2010 average),and the annual rainfall was 694.8 mm,which was 10.3%above normal.In general,disasters caused by rainstorms and flooding were more serious than those by drought.In summer,southern China experienced the most severe flooding with extreme heavy rainstorms since 1998.Drought brought slight impacts and losses in China.The seasonal transition from spring to summer was earlier than normal.High temperatures occurred earlier than normal with extreme values,and lasted longer than normal in summer over the south of China.The number of landfalling typhoons was lower than normal.Cold-air processes had a wide influence and brought a substantial decrease in air temperature in local areas.Compared with the average values of the past 10 years,the affected crop area and the numbers of deaths and missing persons in 2020 were significantly smaller,while direct economic losses were slightly larger.

用于治疗诊断学的手性无机纳米材料

无机手性纳米材料因其优越的手性光学活性和物理性能而被广泛关注,其中贵金属和半导体等手性材料的制备取得了重大进展。本文介绍了几种具有良好生物相容性和低细胞毒性的手性纳米材料,并重点介绍了它们的合成方法以及手性光学特性。此外,我们总结了手性纳米材料在一些常见疾病的诊断和治疗中的应用,如阿尔茨海默症(AD)、帕金森症(PD)、糖尿病甚至癌症等,无机手性的引入将为诊断和治疗这些疾病提供一种新的策略。

Current status of gene therapy for motor neuron disease

OBJECTIVE： Although the etiology and pathogenesis of motor neuron disease is still unknown, there are many hypotheses on motor neuron mitochondrion, cytoskeleton structure and functional injuries. Thus, gene therapy of motor neuron disease has become a hot topic to apply in viral vectors, gene delivery and basic gene techniques. DATA SOURCES： The related articles published between January 2000 and October 2006 were searched in Medline database and ISI database by computer using the keywords ＂motor neuron disease, gene therapy＂, and the language is limited to English, Meanwhile, the related references of review were also searched by handiwork.STUDY SELECTION ： Original articles and referred articles in review were chosen after first hearing, then the full text which had new ideas were found, and when refer to the similar study in the recent years were considered first. DATA EXTRACTION ： Among the 92 related articles, 40 ones were accepted, and 52 were excluded because of repetitive study or reviews. DATA SYNTHESIS ： The viral vectors of gene therapy for motor neuron disease include adenoviral, adeno-associated viral vectors, herpes simplex virus type 1 vectors and lentiviral vectors. The delivery of them can be achieved by direct injection into the brain, or by remote delivery after injection vectors into muscle or peripheral nerves, or by ex vivo gene transfer. The viral vectors of gene therapy for motor neuron disease have been successfully developed, but the gene delivery of them is hampered by some difficulties. The RNA interference and neuroprotection are the main technologies for gene-based therapy in motor neuron disease. CONCLUSION ： The RNA interference for motor neuron disease has succeeded in animal models, and the neuroprotection also does. But, there are still a lot of questions for gene therapy in the clinical treatment of motor neuron disease.

Study on Pharmacological Effects of Peikun Pills

[Objectives]To explore the effects of Peikun Pill on blood pressure of healthy adult male rats.[Methods]The duodenum of anesthetized rats was given different doses of Peikun Pills,normal saline was used as a blank control group,and captopril was used as a positive western medicine control group.The systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean blood pressure and pulse pressure difference(systolic blood pressure-diastolic blood pressure),and heart rate were measured,myocardial tension time index was calculated,and statistical processing was performed.[Results]Peikun Pills have a significant pressure boosting effect,but have no effect on the myocardial tension time index.Captopril has the effects of lowering blood pressure,slowing down the heart rate and reducing the myocardial tension time index,and significantly increasing the pulse pressure difference.[Conclusions]Peikun Pills can increase blood pressure of rats.Peikun Pills are suitable for women with hypotension accompanied by anemia.However,patients with hypertension are prohibited to use.

Correlation of icing events with meteorological variables,and two statistical models to discriminate freezing days

In this paper, the characteristics of meteorological variables are statistically correlated with icing events （i.e., glaze and rime） in China, using daily observations of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and weather phenomena from 700 stations in China from 1954 to 2008. The weather conditions most favorable for icing events are investigated and two statistical models are developed to discriminate potential freezing days. Low air temperature, high relative humidity, and low wind speed are shown to be important conditions for occurrence of icing events; also, the favorable daily mean air temperature is shown to have a decreasing trend from north to south in China, while the favorable relative humidity and wind speed varies little across the country. The statistical model developed with the daily mean temperature combined with precipitation, fog, and mist weather phenomena proved to be well able to determine the possible occurrence of freezing days. The accuracy of model outputs is well above 60% for northwestem Yun- nan, Guizhou, northern Guangxi, southern Hunan, and southern Jiangxi, among other regions where icing events are more fre- quent, and the average false alarms are few. Using observations or forecast products of conventional meteorological variables, this model has high performance and is practical and applicable for early warning and monitoring of icing events.

Rationally engineered IR-783 octanoate as an enzyme-activatable fluorogenic tool for functional imaging of h Notum in living systems

As a vital negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway,human Notum(hNotum)plays a crucial regulatory role in the progression of many human diseases.Deciphering the relevance of h Notum to human diseases requires practical and reliable tools for visualizing h Notum activity in living systems.Herein,an enzyme-activatable fluorogenic tool(IR-783 octanoate)was rationally engineered for sensing and imaging h Notum activity in living systems by integrating computer-aided molecular design and biochemical assays.IR-783 octanoate showed good optical properties,excellent specificity and high binding-affinity towards h Notum(K_(m)=0.98μmol/L).IR-783 octanoate could be well up-taken into the cancerous cells or tumors that over-expressed organic anion transporting polypeptides(OATPs),and then hydrolyzed by cellular h Notum to release free IR-783 ketone,which created brightly fluorescent signals around 646 nm.Further investigations showed that IR-783 octanoate achieved a good performance for in-situ functional imaging of h Notum in both living cells,cancerous tissues and organs.It was also found that some SW620cells with multipolar spindles could be stained by IR-783 octanoate to emit extremely bright signals,suggesting that this agent could be used as a novel visualizing tool for tracing the cells undergoing abnormal cell mitoses.Collectively,this study devises a highly specific fluorogenic tool for in-situ functional imaging of hNotum in living systems,which offers a practical and reliable tool to dynamically track the changes in h Notum activity under various conditions.

基于圆偏振发光材料的应用探索

圆偏振发光材料具有特殊的旋光性,在光电器件、信息安全、3D显示等领域具有广阔的应用前景.传统的圆偏振发光材料一般存在发光不对称因子较低、合成复杂、可加工性不足等问题,在实际应用中严重受限.作为一种准一维光子晶体,胆甾相液晶具有周期性螺旋结构和手性放大功能,为提高圆偏振发光材料的不对称因子提供了可能.本文系统介绍了本课题组基于手性液晶材料构筑的一系列高性能圆偏振发光结构体系及其在信息交互领域的应用探索.

Prioritizing landscapes for mitigating the impacts of onshore wind farms on multidimensional waterbird diversity in the Yellow Sea

Ongoing wind energy developments play a key role in mitigating the global effects of climate change and the energy crisis;however,they have complex ecological consequences for many flying animals.The Yellow Sea coast is considered as an ecological bottleneck for migratory waterbirds along the East Asian–Australasian flyway(EAAF),and is also an important wind farm base in China.However,the effects of large-scale onshore wind farms along the EAAF on multidimensional waterbird diversity,and how to mitigate these effects,remain unclear.Here we examined how wind farms and their surrounding landscapes affected multidimensional waterbird diversity along the Yellow Sea coast.Taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of the waterbird assemblages,and mean pairwise distances and nearest taxon distances with null models were quantified in relation to 4 different wind turbine densities.We also measured 6 landscape variables.Multi-dimensional waterbird diversity(taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity)significantly decreased with increasing wind turbine density.Functional and phylogenetic structures tended to be clustered in waterbird communities,and environmental filtering drove waterbird community assemblages.Furthermore,waterbird diversity was regulated by a combination of wind turbine density and landscape variables,with edge density of aquaculture ponds,in addition to wind turbine density,having the greatest independent contribution to waterbird diversity.These results suggest that attempts to mitigate the impact of wind farms on waterbird diversity could involve the landscape transformation of wind farm regions,for example,by including high-edge-density aquaculture ponds(i.e.,industrial ponds)around wind farms,instead of traditional low-edge-density aquaculture ponds.

Publication characteristics and visualized analysis of research about liver sinusoidal endothelial cells

Background and aims:Through visual analysis of related literature,the main research direction and hot spots of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells(LSECs)in recent 24 years were explored.Methods:This study used bibliometric analysis with CiteSpace,VOSviewer,Biblioshiny and online analytic tool bibliometric.com to provide a quantitative analysis,hot spot mining,and commentary of articles published in the field of LSECs research.The relevant literature in the Web of Science Core Collection(WOSCC)was searched from 2000 to 2023.The publications with topics or titles or keywords containing LSECs were included into this study.The countries,organizations,journals,authors,and keywords of the publications were summarized and analyzed.Results:This study included 3,747 publications from 14,132 authors belonging to 389 institutions in 61 countries/regions and published in 150 journals,with 156,309 citations.The United States contributed most(1,150)to the publications.The most productive institution was the University of Sydney.Hepatology accounts for the most output(293,7.8%),European authors had a widespread cooperation.The most productive author was Adam DH with 68 papers.Immunological function of LSECs is research hot spot.Conclusion:This study highlights key trends based on a large dataset of the most influential publications about LSECs research over a 24-year period.It provides important clues and ideas for researchers focusing in this area and facilitates future liver disease mechanism,understanding,and treatment.

马铃薯Y病毒RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测技术体系的建立与应用

植物病毒病是制约农作物安全生产的重要因素,病毒检测能够发现病毒并确定病毒的种类,是病害监测预警和防控的关键。该研究以马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)为检测对象,建立了基于RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a的检测体系。结果表明,(1)CRISPR/Cas12a检测体系内Cas12a及各组分为检测顺利进行所必要;(2)crRNA的靶点位置对Cas12a蛋白活性有较大影响,当crRNA的靶点包含部分PAM位点序列时,反应效率最高;(3)RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测模板的最低限度为3×10^(2)copies·μL^(-1),灵敏度高于PCR及qPCR检测法;(4)RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a检测体系与核酸粗提及逆转录反应联合,可在非实验室环境下进行PVY检测,整个过程耗时约60分钟。该研究建立了基于RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a的PVY检测技术体系,为在非实验室条件下实时快速检测植物病毒提供了一种有效方法。

Suppression of Jasmonic Acid-Mediated Defense by Viral-Inducible MicroRNA319 Facilitates Virus Infection in Rice

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are pivotal modulators of plant development and host-virus interactions. However, the roles and action modes of specific miRNAs involved in viral infection and host susceptibility remain largely unclear. In this study, we show that Rice ragged stunt virus （RRSV） infection caused increased accumulation of miR319 but decreased expression of miR319-regulated TCP （TEOSINTE BRANCHED/ CYCLOIDEA/PCF） genes, especially TCP21, in rice plants. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing miP,319 or downregulating TCP21 exhibited disease-like phenotypes and showed significantly higher susceptibility to RRSV in comparison with the wild-type plants. In contrast, only mild disease symptoms were observed in RRSV-infected lines overexpressing TCP21 and especially in the transgenic plants overexpressing miR319- resistant TCP21. Both RRSV infection and overexpression of miR319 caused the decreased endogenous jasmonic acid （JA） levels along with downregulated expression of JA biosynthesis and signaling-related genes in rice. However, treatment of rice plants with methyl jasmonate alleviated disease symptoms caused by RRSV and reduced virus accumulation. Taken together, our results suggest that the induction of miR319 by RRSV infection in rice suppresses JA-mediated defense to facilitate virus infection and symp- tom development.

Context-Aware Social Media User Sentiment Analysis

The user-generated social media messages usually contain considerable multimodal content.Such messages are usually short and lack explicit sentiment words.However,we can understand the sentiment associated with such messages by analyzing the context,which is essential to improve the sentiment analysis performance.Unfortunately,majority of the existing studies consider the impact of contextual information based on a single data model.In this study,we propose a novel model for performing context-aware user sentiment analysis.This model involves the semantic correlation of different modalities and the effects of tweet context information.Based on our experimental results obtained using the Twitter dataset,our approach is observed to outperform the other existing methods in analysing user sentiment.

红色长余辉材料的研究进展

长余辉材料具有诱人的应用前景.然而在三基色长余辉材料中,相对于蓝色和绿色,红色长余辉材料的发光强度和余辉时间还远远不能满足实际应用的需要.因此,探索和研究新型的红色长余辉材料具有重要的理论和实际意义.本综述总结了红色长余辉材料的余辉机理、合成方法、发光中心类型和应用,讨论了红色长余辉材料研究和应用中存在的问题,并对红色长余辉材料发展前景进行了展望.

An antifouling catechol/chitosan-modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane for sustainable oil-in-water emulsions separation

Low-pressure membrane filtrations are considered as effective technologies for sustainable oil/water separation.However,conventional membranes usually suffer from severe pore clogging and surface fouling,and thus,novel membranes with superior wettability and antifouling features are urgently required.Herein,we report a facile green approach for the development of an underwater superoleophobic microfiltration membrane via one-step oxidant-induced ultrafast co-deposition of naturally available catechol/chitosan on a porous polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)substrate.Membrane morphology and surface chemistry were studied using a series of characterization techniques.The as-prepared membrane retained the original pore structure due to the ultrathin and uniform catechol/chitosan coating.It exhibited ultrahigh pure water permeability and robust chemical stability under harsh pH conditions.Moreover,the catechol/chitosan hydrophilic coating on the membrane surface acting as an energetic barrier for oil droplets could minimize oil adhesion on the surface,which endowed the membrane with remarkable antifouling property and reusability in a cyclic oil-in-water(O/W)emulsion separation.The modified membrane exhibited a competitive flux of~428 L/(m^(2)·h·bar)after three filtration cycles,which was 70%higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane.These results suggest that the novel underwatersuperoleophobic membrane can potentially be used for sustainable O/W emulsions separation,and the proposed green facile modification approach can also be applied to other water-remediation materials considering its low cost and simplicity.

Production of very-high-amylose cassava by post-transcriptional silencing of branching enzyme genes

High amylose starch can be produced by plants deficient in the function of branching enzymes(BEs).Here we report the production of transgenic cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)with starches containing up to 50%amylose due to the constitutive expression of hair-pin ds RNAs targeting the BE1 or BE2 genes.All BE1-RNAi plant lines(BE1i)and BE2-RNAi plant lines(BE2i)were grown up in the field,but with reduced total biomass production.Considerably high amylose content in the storage roots of BE2i plant lines was achieved.Storage starch granules of BE1i and BE2i plants had similar morphology as wild type(WT),however,the size of BE1i starch granules were bigger than that of WT.Comparisons of amylograms and thermograms of all three sources of storage starches revealed dramatic changes to the pasting properties and a higher melting temperature for BE2i starches.Glucan chain length distribution analysis showed a slight increase in chains of DP>36 in BE1i lines and a dramatic increase in glucan chains between DP 10-20 and DP>40 in BE2i lines.Furthermore,BE2i starches displayed a B-type X-ray diffraction pattern instead of the A-type pattern found in BE1i and WT starches.Therefore,cassava BE1 and BE2 function differently in storage root starch biosynthesis.