Successful clearance of persistent SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection following a single dose of Ad5-nCoV vaccine

Persistent asymptomatic(PA)SARS-CoV-2 infections have been identified.The immune responses in these patients are unclear,and the development of effective treatments for these patients is needed.Here,we report a cohort of 23 PA cases carrying viral RNA for up to 191 days.PA cases displayed low levels of inflammatory and interferon response,weak antibody response,diminished circulating follicular helper T cells(cTfh),and inadequate specific CD4+and CD8+T-cell responses during infection,which is distinct from symptomatic infections and resembling impaired immune activation.Administration of a single dose of Ad5-nCoV vaccine to 10 of these PA cases elicited rapid and robust antibody responses as well as coordinated B-cell and cTfh responses,resulting in successful viral clearance.Vaccine-induced antibodies were able to neutralize various variants of concern and persisted for over 6 months,indicating long-term protection.Therefore,our study provides an insight into the immune status of PA infections and highlights vaccination as a potential treatment for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Mutating Escherichia coli caused multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

Pathogenic Escherichia coli is of great concern in the clinical setting.But few reports have demonstrated the variation in disease course.We present a severe case of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by E.coli infection.Pathogens isolated from blood and urine samples harboured many virulence factors.Whole‐genome sequencing and conventional analyses showed that the isolates experienced beneficial variations,both genetically and phenotypically,during the disease course.These findings showed that E.coli can cause sys-temic symptoms and informed us of the importance of assessing the reasons for such variations in pathogens occurring in vivo.

Quantitative analysis of the impact of various urban socioeconomic indicators on search-engine-based estimation of COVID-19 prevalence

Numerous studies have proposed search engine-based estimation of COVID-19 prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic;however,their estimation models do not consider the impact of various urban socioeconomic indicators(USIs).This study quantitatively analysed the impact of various USIs on search engine-based estimation of COVID-19 prevalence using 15 USIs(including total population,gross regional product(GRP),and population density)from 369 cities in China.The results suggested that 13 USIs affected either the correlation(SC-corr)or time lag(SC-lag)between search engine query volume and new COVID-19 cases(p<0.05).Total population and GRP impacted SC-corr considerably,with their correlation coefficients r for SC-corr being 0.65 and 0.59,respectively.Total population,GRP per capita,and proportion of the population with a high school diploma or higher had simultaneous positive impacts on SC-corr and SC-lag(p<0.05);these three indicators explained 37e50%of the total variation in SC-corr and SC-lag.Estimations for different urban agglomerations revealed that the goodness of fit,R2,for search engine-based estimation was more than 0.6 only when total urban population,GRP per capita,and proportion of the population with a high school diploma or higher exceeded 11.08 million,120,700,and 38.13%,respectively.A greater urban size indicated higher accuracy of search engine-based estimation of COVID-19 prevalence.Therefore,the accuracy and time lag for search engine-based estimation of infectious disease prevalence can be improved only when the total urban population,GRP per capita,and proportion of the population with a high school diploma or higher are greater than the aforementioned thresholds.