The physiological functions of endogenous amyloid-β(Aβ),which plays important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease(AD),have not been paid enough attention.Here,we review the multiple physiological effect...The physiological functions of endogenous amyloid-β(Aβ),which plays important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease(AD),have not been paid enough attention.Here,we review the multiple physiological effects of Aβ,particularly in regulating synaptic transmission,and the possible mechanisms,in order to decipher the real characters of Aβunder both physiological and pathological conditions.Some worthy studies have shown that the deprivation of endogenous Aβgives rise to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficiency,while the moderate elevation of this peptide enhances long term potentiation and leads to neuronal hyperexcitability.In this review,we provide a new view for understanding the role of Aβin AD pathophysiology from the perspective of physiological meaning.展开更多
Thiamine metabolism is critical for glucose metabolism and also vital for brain function, which is susceptible to decline in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate whether thiamine metabolites correlate with cog...Thiamine metabolism is critical for glucose metabolism and also vital for brain function, which is susceptible to decline in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate whether thiamine metabolites correlate with cognitive function in the non-demented elderly and their impact factors. Volunteers 〉60 years old were recruited and their blood thiamine metabolites and Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） scores were measured. The apolipoprotein E （APOE） genotype, routine blood parameters, liver and kidney function, and levels of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides were also measured. The results showed that the thiamine diphosphate （TDP） level weakly correlated with MMSE score in the non-demented elderly. Participants with high TDP levels performed better in Recall and Attention and Calculation than those with low TDP. TDP levels were associated with the APOE E2 allele, body mass index, hemoglobin level, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides. Our results suggest that TDP, which is easily affected by many factors, impacts cognitive function in the elderly.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common type of dementia,is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that seriously afflicts millions of patients and their families due to the lack of effective therapeutic drugs and ...Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common type of dementia,is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that seriously afflicts millions of patients and their families due to the lack of effective therapeutic drugs and methods.Elucidating the pathogenesis of this disease has always been a great challenge because AD is complicated with multiple pathophysiological features,including neurodegeneration characterized by progressive synaptic/neuronal loss leading to brain atrophy,brain Aβ deposition forming plaques,Tau hyperphosphorylation constituting neurofibrillary tangles,glial activation and neuroinflammation,and glucose hypometabolism.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project,the National Key Research and Development Program Foundation of China(2016YFC1306403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870822,91332201,81901081,81600930,82171408,82171411)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2020CXB049).
文摘The physiological functions of endogenous amyloid-β(Aβ),which plays important role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease(AD),have not been paid enough attention.Here,we review the multiple physiological effects of Aβ,particularly in regulating synaptic transmission,and the possible mechanisms,in order to decipher the real characters of Aβunder both physiological and pathological conditions.Some worthy studies have shown that the deprivation of endogenous Aβgives rise to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficiency,while the moderate elevation of this peptide enhances long term potentiation and leads to neuronal hyperexcitability.In this review,we provide a new view for understanding the role of Aβin AD pathophysiology from the perspective of physiological meaning.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program (973 Program) of China (2011CBA00400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91332201)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality, China (13JC1401501)the Fund for Medical Emerging Cutting-edge Technology of Shanghai Municipality, China (SHDC12012114)
文摘Thiamine metabolism is critical for glucose metabolism and also vital for brain function, which is susceptible to decline in the elderly. This study aimed to investigate whether thiamine metabolites correlate with cognitive function in the non-demented elderly and their impact factors. Volunteers 〉60 years old were recruited and their blood thiamine metabolites and Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） scores were measured. The apolipoprotein E （APOE） genotype, routine blood parameters, liver and kidney function, and levels of fasting blood glucose and triglycerides were also measured. The results showed that the thiamine diphosphate （TDP） level weakly correlated with MMSE score in the non-demented elderly. Participants with high TDP levels performed better in Recall and Attention and Calculation than those with low TDP. TDP levels were associated with the APOE E2 allele, body mass index, hemoglobin level, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides. Our results suggest that TDP, which is easily affected by many factors, impacts cognitive function in the elderly.
基金This research highlight was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870822,91332201,81901081,and 81600930)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1306403)a Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD),the most common type of dementia,is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that seriously afflicts millions of patients and their families due to the lack of effective therapeutic drugs and methods.Elucidating the pathogenesis of this disease has always been a great challenge because AD is complicated with multiple pathophysiological features,including neurodegeneration characterized by progressive synaptic/neuronal loss leading to brain atrophy,brain Aβ deposition forming plaques,Tau hyperphosphorylation constituting neurofibrillary tangles,glial activation and neuroinflammation,and glucose hypometabolism.
