Current Status of Studies on Targeted Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is regarded as one of the most refractory malignancies.A further study of the molecular mechanism of RCC formation has led to a series of successful examples for treatment of patients with advanced RCC.Over the past 20 years,a nonspecific immunotherapy,with cytokines,has been employed as the gold standard for therapy of metastatic RCC.However,with scientific development and clinical testing of new drugs,targeted molecular cancer therapy has become a focus of interest.At the same time,with a better understanding of RCC, the treatment method has converged on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and related molecular-targeted pathways. A large amount of research and numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of the targeted molecular therapies in patients with metastatic RCC.For example sorafenib and sunitinib were approved,in 2005 and 2006 respectively,by the U.S.FDA for treating advanced RCC.In this report,issues such as the importance of VEGF in RCC and the studies of bevacizumab, sunitinib and sorafenib in treating metastatic RCC etc.,are reviewed.

ReaxFF-MD simulation investigation of the degradation pathway of phenol for hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification

Wastewater from the thermochemical conversion of coal and biomass contains a significant amount of phenolic structures compounds.The degradation of these phenolic compounds to hydrogen-rich gasses can prevent envi-ronmental pollution and save energy.Supercritical water(SCW)gasification of phenol is experimentally studied and a reactive force field molecular dynamics(ReaxFF-MD)simulation is conducted to investigate the catalytic mechanism of Ni/Al2 O3 in the phenol degradation.The experimental results indicate that Ni/Al2 O3 facilitates the conversion of phenol to 1-ethoxy butane via ring opening,which is a crucial step for complete gasification.The ReaxFF-MD simulation demonstrated that Ni facilitates the formation of H3 O free radicals and Ni-phenol inter-mediates.H3 O free radicals can be decomposed into H2 and OH free radicals.Both the generated OH free radical and Ni-phenol intermediate promote the ring-opening reaction of phenol.Ni promotes the direct decomposition of phenol into C1,C2,and C3 fragments,which is beneficial for further complete gasification.

Flight strategy optimization for high-altitude long-endurance solar-powered aircraft based on Gauss pseudo-spectral method

Solar-powered aircraft have attracted great attention owing to their potential for longendurance flight and wide application prospects.Due to the particularity of energy system,flight strategy optimization is a significant way to enhance the flight performance for solar-powered aircraft.In this study,a flight strategy optimization model for high-altitude long-endurance solar-powered aircraft was proposed.This model consists of three-dimensional kinematic model,aerodynamic model,energy collection model,energy store model and energy loss model.To solve the nonlinear optimal control problem with process constraints and terminal constraints,Gauss pseudo-spectral method was employed to discretize the state equations and constraint equations.Then a typical mission flying from given initial point to given final point within a time interval was considered.Results indicate that proper changes of the attitude angle contribute to increasing the energy gained by photovoltaic cells.Utilization of gravitational potential energy can partly take the role of battery pack.Integrating these two measures,the optimized flight strategy can improve the final state of charge compared with current constant-altitude constant-velocity strategy.The optimized strategy brings more profits on condition of lower sunlight intensity and shorter daytime.

Internal field study of 21700 battery based on long-life embedded wireless temperature sensor

The safety of lithium-ion batteries is an essential concern where instant and accurate temperature sensing is critical.It is generally desired to put sensors inside batteries for instant sensing.However,the transmission of internal measurement outside batteries without interfering their normal state is a non-trivial task due to the harsh electrochemical environment,the particular packaging structures and the intrinsic electromagnetic shielding problems of batteries.In this work,a novel in-situ temperature sensing framework is proposed by incorporating temperature sensors with a novel signal transmission solution.The signal transmission solution uses a self-designed integrated-circuit which modulates the internal measurements outside battery via its positive pole without package breaking.Extensive experimental results validate the noninterference properties of the proposed framework.Our proposed in-situ temperature measurement by the self-designed signal modulation solution has a promising potential for in-situ battery health monitoring and thus promoting the development of smart batteries.

Optimization and analysis of winglet configuration for solar aircraft

Installing winglets can notably improve the aerodynamic performance of solar aircraft.This paper proposes a multi-constraints optimization method of winglets for solar aircraft,aiming to enhance the corresponding uninterrupted cruising capability.An optimization objective function is formed and is separately studied in aerodynamic and structural terms.Qualitative analysis shows that the winglet design parameters are restricted by four special constraints(geometry,aerodynamics,energy and stability)of solar aircraft.The optimization process is constructed on the basis of a multi-island genetic algorithm,and carried out for a 15 m wingspan solar aircraft.Although the designed winglet is not as good as the traditional winglet in terms of drag and structural weight,the designed winglet provides a better 24 h cruising capability.The sensitivity between the objective function and the design parameters is investigated,and the winglet effects vary with respect to the wing aspect ratio(AR=10,15,19.6).The effect of the constraints is analysed quantitatively,and some basic laws are obtained.Moreover,the feasible design region and the possible optimal design parameters of winglets for different wing configurations are explored.The calculation results show that when the aspect ratio exceeds a certain value,the winglets will not benefit the aircraft.