Small-molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of carbon dioxide

During the last few years, the preparation of novel fluorescent probes for the detection of carbon dioxide has attracted considerable attention since carbon dioxide plays extremely important roles in widespread fields including chemical, environmental, clinical analysis, and agri-food industry. This review focuses on the recent advances in the design principles, recognition mechanisms, and preparation of small-molecule fluorescent probes for the selective detection and monitoring of CO_2. Moreover, their properties and functions will be discussed detailedly as well.

A comparative study of alteration in retinal layer segmentation alteration by SD-OCT in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:To evaluate the feature of different retinal layer segmentation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)and to compare it with that in multiple sclerosis(MS),healthy controls(HC),and idiopathic optic neuritis(ION).Methods:We retrieved four electronic databases,including Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science from inception to September 1st,2021.A meta-analysis was performed to compare different retinal layer segmentation thicknesses between patients with or without a history of optic neuritis(ON)in NMOSD and the control group,including patients with MS,HC,and ION.Results:Forty-two studies were included and the interval between the last ON onset and examination was greater than 3 months.Compared with that in HC eyes,the loss of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)and macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer(GC-IPL)was serious in NMOSD eye especially after ON.Moreover,compared with that in ION eyes or MS-related-ON eyes,the injury to the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)was severe in NMOSD-related-ON eyes.In addition,the correlation coefficient between pRNFL and prognostic visual acuity was 0.43.However,the one-arm study revealed the inner nuclear layer(INL)was thickened in NMOSDrelated-ON eyes compared with HC eyes.Conclusions:Inclusion of the RNFL and macular GC-IPL is recommended for monitoring disease progression and attention should be paid to changes in the INL.

Fluorescence-resonance energy transfer(FRET)within the fluorescent metallacycles

During past few years,the construction of fluorescent metallacycles featuring the fluorescenceresonance energy transfer behavior has attracted extensive attention due to their diverse applications such as real-time monitoring the dynamics of coordination-driven self-assembly,photoswitching fluorescence-resonance energy transfer,and light-controlled generation of singlet oxygen for cancer therapy.This review focuses on the recent advances on the design principles,preparation methods,optical properties,and the wide applications of fluorescent metallacycles with the FRET property.

The clinical application of critical flicker fusion frequency in demyelinating optic neuritis

Purpose:To investigate the application of critical flicker fusion frequency(CFF)in demyelinating optic neuritis(DON).Methods:A cross-sectional study.A total of 127 eyes in 69 DON patients and 63 eyes in 33 healthy control(HC)groups were included between January 2021 to September 2021 from Department of Ophthalmology,PLA General Hospital.Patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),visual field,optical coherence tomography(OCT),flash visual evoked potential(F-VEP),and CFF examinations.The affected eyes were divided into aquaporins 4(AQP4-),myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG-),and double negative DON according to serum antibody;mild,moderate,severe degree visual impairment according to BCVA
0.5,0.1-0.5,<0.1;and 4 groups:<1,1~<3,3~<6 and>6 months according to time interval from onset to CFF examination.One-way ANOVA was used to perform above subgroup analysis.The correlations between CFF and F-VEP peak time,peak value,BCVA and mean visual filed defect(MD)were analyzed in order via Pearson correlation analysis.Results:he trichromatic values of red,green,and yellow in DON affected eyes were 21.83±9.03,23.66±10.21,24.09±10.77 Hz,respectively,which was significantly reduced compared with the HC group(t=-14.82,-14.22,-14.00;P<0.001).The subgroup analysis showed no significant difference between different antibody subtypes(P=0.914<0.848<0.604),whereas,a significant decrease of CFF trichromatic value was found in severe visual acuity impairment group(P<0.001).There was a significant difference in CFF-trichromatic values at different time points(P<0.001),to be specific,CFF fluctuated under 20Hz within 3 months after onset and tended to be stable around 24-28Hz.Correlation analysis showed that the peak time of F-VEP(r=-0.486,-0.515,-0.526;P<0.001),BVCA(r=-0.640,-0.659,-0.642;P<0.001),were negatively correlated with CFF trichromatic values,MD and CFF were positively correlated(r=0.486,0.453,0.476;P=0.003,0.006,0.004).Conclusions:A significant decrease of CFF value was found in DON-affected eyes,and it has a good correlation with BCVA,MD and latency of F-VEP,and can better reflect the impairment of visual function.