Nanotechnology:A New Strategy for Lung Cancer Treatment Targeting Pro-Tumor Neutrophils

Primary and metastatic lung cancers are malignant lung tumors each with of which has a different pathogenesis,although both threaten patient lives.Tumor development and progression involve communication between tumor cells and the host microenvironment.Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME);they participate in the generation of an inflammatory milieu and influence patient survival through their anti-and pro-tumor abilities.Neutrophils can be classified into various categories according to different criteria;frequent categories include N1 antitumor neutrophils and N2 immunosuppressive neutrophils.The antitumor effects of neutrophils are reported to be mediated through a combination of reactive oxygen species,tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,and receptor for advanced glycation end-products–cathepsin G association,as well as the regulation of the activities of other immune cells.There have also been reports that neutrophils can function as tumor promoters that contribute to lung cancer progression and metastasis by influencing processes including carcinogenesis,angiogenesis,cancer cell proliferation,and invasion ability,as well as having similar roles in the lung metastasis of other cancers.The rapid development of nanotechnology has provided new strategies for cancer treatment targeting neutrophils.

Newcastle disease virus suppresses antigen presentation via inhibiting IL-12 expression in dendritic cells

As a potential vectored vaccine,Newcastle disease virus(NDV)has been subject to various studies for vaccine development,while relatively little research has outlined the immunomodulatory effect of the virus in antigen presentation.To elucidate the key inhibitory factor in regulating the interaction of infected dendritic cells(DCs)and T cells,DCs were pretreated with the NDV vaccine strain LaSota as an inhibitor and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)for further detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),flow cytometry,immunoblotting,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The results revealed that NDV infection resulted in the inhibition of interleukin(IL)-12p40 in DCs through a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-dependent manner,thus inhibiting the synthesis of IL-12p70,leading to the reduction in T cell proliferation and the secretion of interferon-(IFN-),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and IL-6 induced by DCs.Consequently,downregulated cytokines accelerated the infection and viral transmission from DCs to T cells.Furthermore,several other strains of NDV also exhibited inhibitory activity.The current study reveals that NDV can modulate the intensity of the innate-adaptive immune cell crosstalk critically toward viral invasion improvement,highlighting a novel mechanism of virus-induced immunosuppression and providing new perspectives on the improvement of NDV-vectored vaccine.

碳酸盐岩油藏提高采收率研究的新认识:固液界面影响

碳酸盐岩油藏开发是目前增加我国原油产量的主攻方向之一.本文针对碳酸盐岩油藏岩石及模拟岩石样品开展固液界面作用的研究工作,从岩石的化学组成、比表面积、表面荷电情况、接触角及表面活性剂吸附量等方面,系统考察了方解石、白云石以及中东油藏碳酸盐岩样品在洗油过程中的固液界面相互作用结果,并分析了相关体系的洗油效率.结果证实了方解石、白云石样品与中东油藏碳酸盐岩样品在组成、结构及表面性质等方面高度一致,可用于碳酸盐岩油藏固液相互作用研究的模拟样品.进而揭示了表面活性剂在碳酸盐岩表面吸附量低、对其表面润湿性改变小且洗油效率相关性差的特点,表明固液界面相互作用不是影响碳酸盐岩油藏提高采收率效果的关键因素.

PFAS in PMs might be the escalating hazard to the lung health

Atmospheric particulate matter(PM)is a dominant source of air pollution,in particular,molecules less than 2.5μm in diameter,endangering human health.An estimated 2.1 million deaths from exposure to PM2.5 and 700,000 cases of respiratory disease caused by atmospheric pollution were reported on an annual basis.The main components of PM2.5 include heavy metal elements,water-soluble ions,carbon aerosols,ozone,and organic compounds.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are a large group of representative pollutants among the organic compounds absorbed in PM2.5.PFASs are widely used in industrial production and hardly degraded in the environment,resulting in their accumulation in water,food,and air,and abosorbed by humans via ingestion and inhalation.On the other hand,accumulation of PFAS in the human body is proving to be associated with some unfavorable health outcomes,whereas the mechanisms underlying the effects of PFAS exposure on human lung diseases remain unclear at present.The toxicological effects of organic components are a significant focus of research.This review will fix our attention on the changes in the distribution,composition,and content of PFAS in PM2.5 by location and year,and provide an overview on the influence of PM2.5 and PFAS on lung health,with indications of possible synergistic adverse effects of PM2.5 and PFAS on pulmonary homeostasis.

Neither Fluorocarbons nor Silicones:Hydrocarbon-Based Water-Borne Healable Supramolecular Elastomer with Unprecedent Dual Resistance to Water and Organic Solvents

Except for fluorocarbons and silicones,few artificial materials display both water and organic solvent resistance.Herein,we report an artificial hydrocarbonbased supramolecular elastomer that displays unprecedented dual resistance to both water and organic solvents.This elastomer is formed in water with two water soluble components,folic acid(FA)and branched poly(ethylene imine)(b-PEI).The hydrogen bonding between the two components occurs immediately,which further promotes the hydrogen bonding between the FA,yielding folate quartets and theirπ-πstacking.These multiple noncovalent interactions work synergistically,leading to a hydrophobic,transparent,stretchable,healable,notchinsensitive,and recyclable elastomer that resists both water and organic solvents.The elastomer remains intact after storage in high humidity and organic solvents for months.Films generated by stretching the elastomer are very hydrophobic,and the contact angle of water on the elastomer is up to 112.3°.The damaged elastomers also exhibit water-assisted healable behavior.This work discloses a new paradigm of material synthesis that can inspire the fabrication of robust nonfluorocarbon and silicone-based materials with green strategies.

The purification of dominant spoilage fungi on Lonicera Caeruleum and the inhibitory effects of composite essential oils against these fungi

The fungal inhibitory and preservative effects of essential oils(EOs)on the dominant spoilage fungi of blue honeysuckle were investigated.First,the dominant spoilage fungi(CW1,CW3,and W53)were isolated from naturally infected blue honeysuckle and identified through morphological features,inoculation study,and rDNA-ITS analysis were matched to Alternaria alternata,Metuloidea reniformis,and Rhizopus microsporus,respectively.Next,the filter paper method determined the sensitivity of EOs to the dominant spoilage fungi,and four kinds with better antifungal effects were screened out.Two or three combinations of four EOs were evaluated using a checkerboard analysis method.The fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI)was used to assess the in-teractions between the combinations.The combinations of cinnamon/oregano,cinnamon/clove,oregano/clove,and cinnamon/oregano/clove showed synergistic effects(FICI≤0.5).The best three-oil combination had a volume ratio of 31:8:8 compared to a single oil.Finally,in vivo,experiments showed that combining triple groups of EOs could prevent the spoilage of postharvest honeysuckle.Compared with the control group,the triple groups of essential oil combination maintained the best color,quality,and flavor of blue honeysuckle berries.At the same time,the spoilage rate and the weight loss rate were reduced by 38.50%and 40.71%,respectively.Delayed spoilage time to 3-5 days and the preservation effect of blue honeysuckle was extended to 16 days.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for substituting chemical preservatives and highlights the po-tential of using complex EOs to prolong the freshness of blue honeysuckle.

Solid-phase molecular self-assembly facilitated supramolecular films with alternative hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains for skin moisture detection

Human skin moisture is closely related to health and personal care issues.Many creams were developed to claim capable of skin moisturizing.However,people can hardly check their skin moisture status and the moisturizing effect of various creams conveniently,since currently all the skin moisturizing detection rely on large equipment requiring power supply.Herein,we report a power-supply independent supramolecular film that is able to directly report the moisturizing status of the skin.With the strategy of solid-phase molecular self-assembly(SPMSA),the aqueous precipitates formed by commercially available polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactant would transform into a supramolecular film under a mild mechanical pressure,where the hydrophobic surfactant domains bridged by polyelectrolyte merge into hydrophobic mesophases to reduce interfacial energy.The hydrophobic mesophase will greatly retard water diffusion inside the film,so that a humidity gradient is generated as the film is exposed to a humid environment.The film will bend upward automatically in touch with moisture skin,and the bending degree is proportional to the skin moisture status.Therefore,the film can be used as portable smart power-free skin moisture sensor.