Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 ...Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.展开更多
Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an...Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an interannual difference method to derive trends of regional precipitation from GPCP （Global Precipitation Climatology Project） data and MERRA （Modern- Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications） reanalysis in the near-global domain of 60~ S-60~N during a major global warming period of 1979-2013. We find that trends of regional annual precipitation are primarily driven by changes in the top 30% heavy precipitation events, which in turn are controlled by changes in precipitable water in response to global warming, i.e., by thermodynamic processes. Significant drying trends are found in most parts of the U.S. and eastern Canada, the Middle East, and eastern South America, while significant increases in precipitation occur in northern Australia, southern Africa, western India and western China. In addition, as the climate warms there are extensive enhancements and expansions of the three major tropical precipitation centers-the Maritime Continent, Central America, and tropical Africa-leading to the observed widening of Hadley cells and a significant strengthening of the global hydrological cycle.展开更多
Along with windblown dust, large quantities of pollutants are annually brought out of the continental by the westerlies in winter and spring; thereafter they are partly subjected to transport by northeastern monsoon w...Along with windblown dust, large quantities of pollutants are annually brought out of the continental by the westerlies in winter and spring; thereafter they are partly subjected to transport by northeastern monsoon winds to Taiwan. Both PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols collected from northern Taiwan from February 2002 to March 2003 were determined for three heavy metals, namely Pb, Cd and Zn, to characterize the heavy metal compositions between long-range transported and local aerosols and to evaluate their contributions of long-range transport during the northeastern monsoon season. Low Cd/Pb (0.017) and Zn/Pb (1.82) ratios were measured in aerosols during the Asian dust period, in which the sources of ambient aerosols are dominated by long-range transport. By contrast, high Cd/Pb(0.030) and Zn/Pb (3.44) ratios were measured during the summer monsoon season, in which local pollutant emissions dominate the sources of heavy metals. Such characteristic Cd/Pb and Zn/Pb ratios appear to be successfully applied to identify the pollutants originated from the long-range transport or local emissions.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91844000)。
文摘Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
基金supported in part by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDB05010500)the Clean Air Research Project in China (Grant No. 201509001)+1 种基金the Sustainable Development Research Project of Academia Sinica, Consortium for Climate Change Study, funded by the National Science Council (Grant No. 100-2119-M-001-029-MY5)sponsored by the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality and the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Peking University
文摘Trends in precipitation are critical to water resources. Considerable uncertainty remains concerning the trends of regional precipitation in response to global warming and their controlling mechanisms. Here, we use an interannual difference method to derive trends of regional precipitation from GPCP （Global Precipitation Climatology Project） data and MERRA （Modern- Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications） reanalysis in the near-global domain of 60~ S-60~N during a major global warming period of 1979-2013. We find that trends of regional annual precipitation are primarily driven by changes in the top 30% heavy precipitation events, which in turn are controlled by changes in precipitable water in response to global warming, i.e., by thermodynamic processes. Significant drying trends are found in most parts of the U.S. and eastern Canada, the Middle East, and eastern South America, while significant increases in precipitation occur in northern Australia, southern Africa, western India and western China. In addition, as the climate warms there are extensive enhancements and expansions of the three major tropical precipitation centers-the Maritime Continent, Central America, and tropical Africa-leading to the observed widening of Hadley cells and a significant strengthening of the global hydrological cycle.
文摘Along with windblown dust, large quantities of pollutants are annually brought out of the continental by the westerlies in winter and spring; thereafter they are partly subjected to transport by northeastern monsoon winds to Taiwan. Both PM10 and PM2.5 aerosols collected from northern Taiwan from February 2002 to March 2003 were determined for three heavy metals, namely Pb, Cd and Zn, to characterize the heavy metal compositions between long-range transported and local aerosols and to evaluate their contributions of long-range transport during the northeastern monsoon season. Low Cd/Pb (0.017) and Zn/Pb (1.82) ratios were measured in aerosols during the Asian dust period, in which the sources of ambient aerosols are dominated by long-range transport. By contrast, high Cd/Pb(0.030) and Zn/Pb (3.44) ratios were measured during the summer monsoon season, in which local pollutant emissions dominate the sources of heavy metals. Such characteristic Cd/Pb and Zn/Pb ratios appear to be successfully applied to identify the pollutants originated from the long-range transport or local emissions.
