A Case of an 86-Year-Old Male Survivor with Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Virus Coinfection

As coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)public health restrictions are relaxed,the circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)alongside other respiratory viruses may lead to an increased likelihood of coinfection(1).Older patients face a higher risk of severe outcomes,when infected with multiple respiratory viruses(2).This study highlights the successful recovery of the oldest older adult(≥80 years)from pneumonia caused by the dual infection of human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV)and SARS-CoV-2.

Characteristics of the multiple replicon plasmid IncX1-X1 in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)

Potential zoonotic pathogens may be transmitted from wildlife to humans through the illegal wild meat trade,which has become a pressing issue.However,research on the antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs)of Malayan pangolin(Manis javanica)intestinal bacteria is limited.Here,multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli M172-1(ST354)isolated from Malayan pangolin feces in 2019 was found to be resistant to 13 antibiotics.BGWAS analysis revealed 4 plas-mids,namely,pM172-1.1,pM172-1.2,pM172-1.3,and pM172-1.4,in the isolate.The pM172-1.2,pM172-1.3,and pM172-1.4 plasmids carried ARGs,namely,IncHI2-HI2A,IncX1-X1,and IncX1,respectively.pM172-1.3 and pM172-1.4 contained intact IntI1 integrons(Is26/IntI1/arr2/cmlA5/blaOXA-10/ant(3′′)-IIA/dfrA14/Is26).No-tably,pM172-1.3 resulted from the fusion of 2 pM172-1.4 copies and carried many more ARGs.In addition to pM172-1.3 from the same host,other drug-resistant bacteria(E.coli M159-1(ST48),E.coli S171-1(ST206),and Klebsiella pneumoniae S174-1(ST2354))in the same Malayan pangolin fecal samples also carried 3 plasmids with 100%gene coverage of pM172-1.4 and 99.98%identity.Therefore,ARGs in IncX1 might spread in the intestinalflora of Malayan pangolin and between species via the illegal food chain,posing a potential threat to public health and safety.

Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks:lessons and suggestions

The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19,caused by the 2019-nCoV infection)in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949.Healthcare personnel(HCP)nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection,especially those who care for patients in Hubei Province.Sadly,as of February 20,2020,over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide,with nearly 90%of them from Hubei Province.Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan,capital city of Hubei,we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP,and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak.The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world.

Novel human H7N9 influenza virus in China

Outbreaks of H7N9 avian influenza in humans in 5 provinces and 2 municipalities of China have reawakened concern that avian influenza viruses may again cross species barriers to infect the human population and thereby initiate a new influenza pandemic.Evolutionary analysis shows that human H7N9 influenza viruses originated from the H9N2,H7N3 and H11N9 avian viruses,and that it is as a novel reassortment influenza virus.This ar­ticle reviews current knowledge on 11 subtypes of influenza A virus from human which can cause human infec­tions.

A Tale of Two Cities:From Influenza HxNy to SARS-CoV-z

THE COMMON FEATURES OF VIRUSES WITH PANDEMIC POTENTIAL In the past hundred years,human population expansion and globalization have changed the pattern of human-nature interactions and accelerated the emergence and spread of novel infectious diseases(1).Humans have experienced a long list of microbial threats to health,of which,70%are believed to be from animal reservoirs(2),such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV).

Comprehensive narrative review of real-world COVID-19 vaccines:viewpoints and opportunities

Currently,people all over the world have been affected by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Fighting against COVID-19 is the top priority for all the countries and nations.The development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is considered the optimal way of ending the pandemic.Three hundred and 44 vaccines were in development,with 149 undergoing clinical research and 35 authorized for emergency use as to March 15 of 2022.Many studies have shown the effective role of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections as well as serious and fatal COVID-19 cases.However,tough challenges have arisen regarding COVID-19 vaccines,including long-term immunity,emerging COVID-19 variants,and vaccine inequalities.A systematic review was performed of recent COVID-19 vaccine studies,with a focus on vaccine type,efficacy and effectiveness,and protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants,breakthrough infections,safety,deployment and vaccine strategies used in the real-world.Ultimately,there is a need to establish a unified evaluation standard of vaccine effectiveness,monitor vaccine safety and effectiveness,along with the virological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants;and determine the most useful booster schedule.These aspects must be coordinated to ensure timely responses to beneficial or detrimental situations.In the future,global efforts should be directed toward effective and immediate vaccine allocations,improving vaccine coverage,SARS-CoV-2 new variants tracking,and vaccine booster development.