Atmospheric Brown Carbon(BrC)with strong wavelength-dependence light-absorption ability can significantly affect radiative forcing.Highly resolved emission inventories with lower uncertainties are important premise an...Atmospheric Brown Carbon(BrC)with strong wavelength-dependence light-absorption ability can significantly affect radiative forcing.Highly resolved emission inventories with lower uncertainties are important premise and essential in scientifically evaluating impacts of emissions on air quality,human health and climate change.This study developed a bottom-up inventory of primary BrC from combustion sources in China from 1960 to 2016 with a spatial resolution at 0.1°×0.1,based on compiled emission factors and detailed activity data.The primary BrC emission in China was about 593 Gg(500-735 Gg as interquartile range)in 2016,contributing to 7%(5%-8%)of a previously estimated global total BrC emission.Residential fuel combustion was the largest source of primary BrC in China,with the contribution of 67%as the national average but ranging from 25%to 99%among different provincial regions.Signi-ficant spatial disparities were also observed in the relative shares of different fuel types.Coal combustion contribution varied from 8%to 99%across different regions.Heilongjiang and North China Plain had high emissions of primary BrC.Generally,on the national scale,spatial distribution of BrC emission density per area was aligned with the population distribution.Primary BrC emission from combustion sources in China have been declined since a peak of~1300 Gg in 1980,but the temporal trends were distinct in different sectors.The high-resolution inventory developed here enables radiative forcing simulations in future atmospheric models so as to promote better understanding of carbonaceous aerosol impacts in the Earth's climate system and to develop strategies achieving co-benefits of hu-man health protection and climate change.展开更多
As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine component,Corydalis yanhusuo is gradually attracting the attention of the skin care industry.In this study,Corydalis yanhusuo root extract dispersion(CTR50)was used as the rese...As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine component,Corydalis yanhusuo is gradually attracting the attention of the skin care industry.In this study,Corydalis yanhusuo root extract dispersion(CTR50)was used as the research object.The related activities of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract dispersion were studied by cytotoxicity test,in vitro and in vivo antioxidant test and cell scratch healing test.The results showed that the dispersion of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract had no cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells.When the concentration of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract dispersion was 5%,the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 35.05%,and the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical was weak;CTR50 can significantly increase the activity of SOD in HaCaT cells,increase the content of antioxidant factor GSH in HaCaT cells induced by UVB,and improve the oxidative stability of skin;it significantly promoted the healing ability of HaCaT cells at the scratch site.It can be seen that the dispersion of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract has the potential to be used as a functional raw material for natural skin care products,which provides a theoretical basis for its development and application in the field of cosmetics.展开更多
To study the feasibility of zebrafish model as an evaluation method for eye irritation of cosmetics,and to evaluate eye irritation of several common surfactants and wash products by this method.To construct a zebrafis...To study the feasibility of zebrafish model as an evaluation method for eye irritation of cosmetics,and to evaluate eye irritation of several common surfactants and wash products by this method.To construct a zebrafish eye stimulation model,stereomicroscope was used to observe the changes in eye morphology of zebrafish embryos to evaluate the stimulation of subjects.Two evaluation indexes were selected:pupil diameter and the ratio of pupil diameter to iris bandwidth.The results show that the ratio method of pupil diameter to iris bandwidth of zebrafish is insufficient.The experimental results of pupil diameter of zebrafish were highly coincident with those of chick embryo chorio-allantoic membrane.At the same time,the subject can inhibit the pupil diameter of zebrafish,and the pupil diameter is negatively correlated with the irritation of the subject.Therefore,the zebrafish model can be used in the evaluation of cosmetic eye irritation to provide rapid and efficient detection for product development.展开更多
室内燃用煤炭和生物质等固体燃料会造成严重的室内空气污染,全球每年约数百万过早死亡可归因于室内固体燃料燃烧排放的PM2.5暴露。为分析固体燃料使用导致室内空气污染的研究进展和发展趋势,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对Web of Scienc...室内燃用煤炭和生物质等固体燃料会造成严重的室内空气污染,全球每年约数百万过早死亡可归因于室内固体燃料燃烧排放的PM2.5暴露。为分析固体燃料使用导致室内空气污染的研究进展和发展趋势,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对Web of Science核心数据集(Core Collection)中的相关文献进行了知识网络结构的挖掘,讨论了发文数量、期刊、关键词等的特征及变化趋势,重点探讨了该领域研究的发展过程和热点。结果表明,领域内相关研究的发文量呈指数上升趋势,说明该问题受到越来越多的关注。很多研究发表在Indoor Air、Science of the Total Environment、Energy for Sustainable Development等专业或综合类环境期刊。来自美国和中国的研究团队发文量居前列。清洁炉灶、清洁能源、黑碳和PM2.5是领域研究中较常涉及的关键词。污染暴露的健康危害、清洁干预、健康和气候共同效益是今后值得重点关注的方向。建议围绕“污染-暴露-健康风险”的过程链,开展系列研究以支撑相关人群健康保护。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation(No.42077328)。
文摘Atmospheric Brown Carbon(BrC)with strong wavelength-dependence light-absorption ability can significantly affect radiative forcing.Highly resolved emission inventories with lower uncertainties are important premise and essential in scientifically evaluating impacts of emissions on air quality,human health and climate change.This study developed a bottom-up inventory of primary BrC from combustion sources in China from 1960 to 2016 with a spatial resolution at 0.1°×0.1,based on compiled emission factors and detailed activity data.The primary BrC emission in China was about 593 Gg(500-735 Gg as interquartile range)in 2016,contributing to 7%(5%-8%)of a previously estimated global total BrC emission.Residential fuel combustion was the largest source of primary BrC in China,with the contribution of 67%as the national average but ranging from 25%to 99%among different provincial regions.Signi-ficant spatial disparities were also observed in the relative shares of different fuel types.Coal combustion contribution varied from 8%to 99%across different regions.Heilongjiang and North China Plain had high emissions of primary BrC.Generally,on the national scale,spatial distribution of BrC emission density per area was aligned with the population distribution.Primary BrC emission from combustion sources in China have been declined since a peak of~1300 Gg in 1980,but the temporal trends were distinct in different sectors.The high-resolution inventory developed here enables radiative forcing simulations in future atmospheric models so as to promote better understanding of carbonaceous aerosol impacts in the Earth's climate system and to develop strategies achieving co-benefits of hu-man health protection and climate change.
文摘As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine component,Corydalis yanhusuo is gradually attracting the attention of the skin care industry.In this study,Corydalis yanhusuo root extract dispersion(CTR50)was used as the research object.The related activities of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract dispersion were studied by cytotoxicity test,in vitro and in vivo antioxidant test and cell scratch healing test.The results showed that the dispersion of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract had no cytotoxicity to HaCaT cells.When the concentration of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract dispersion was 5%,the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 35.05%,and the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical was weak;CTR50 can significantly increase the activity of SOD in HaCaT cells,increase the content of antioxidant factor GSH in HaCaT cells induced by UVB,and improve the oxidative stability of skin;it significantly promoted the healing ability of HaCaT cells at the scratch site.It can be seen that the dispersion of Corydalis yanhusuo root extract has the potential to be used as a functional raw material for natural skin care products,which provides a theoretical basis for its development and application in the field of cosmetics.
文摘To study the feasibility of zebrafish model as an evaluation method for eye irritation of cosmetics,and to evaluate eye irritation of several common surfactants and wash products by this method.To construct a zebrafish eye stimulation model,stereomicroscope was used to observe the changes in eye morphology of zebrafish embryos to evaluate the stimulation of subjects.Two evaluation indexes were selected:pupil diameter and the ratio of pupil diameter to iris bandwidth.The results show that the ratio method of pupil diameter to iris bandwidth of zebrafish is insufficient.The experimental results of pupil diameter of zebrafish were highly coincident with those of chick embryo chorio-allantoic membrane.At the same time,the subject can inhibit the pupil diameter of zebrafish,and the pupil diameter is negatively correlated with the irritation of the subject.Therefore,the zebrafish model can be used in the evaluation of cosmetic eye irritation to provide rapid and efficient detection for product development.
文摘室内燃用煤炭和生物质等固体燃料会造成严重的室内空气污染,全球每年约数百万过早死亡可归因于室内固体燃料燃烧排放的PM2.5暴露。为分析固体燃料使用导致室内空气污染的研究进展和发展趋势,采用文献计量学软件CiteSpace对Web of Science核心数据集(Core Collection)中的相关文献进行了知识网络结构的挖掘,讨论了发文数量、期刊、关键词等的特征及变化趋势,重点探讨了该领域研究的发展过程和热点。结果表明,领域内相关研究的发文量呈指数上升趋势,说明该问题受到越来越多的关注。很多研究发表在Indoor Air、Science of the Total Environment、Energy for Sustainable Development等专业或综合类环境期刊。来自美国和中国的研究团队发文量居前列。清洁炉灶、清洁能源、黑碳和PM2.5是领域研究中较常涉及的关键词。污染暴露的健康危害、清洁干预、健康和气候共同效益是今后值得重点关注的方向。建议围绕“污染-暴露-健康风险”的过程链,开展系列研究以支撑相关人群健康保护。
