After retrieving all papers with the theme of ＂apple ring rot＂ from 1994 to 2010, the article made a statistical analysis on locations, occurrence degree, regularity, prevention and treatments of apple ring rot acco...After retrieving all papers with the theme of ＂apple ring rot＂ from 1994 to 2010, the article made a statistical analysis on locations, occurrence degree, regularity, prevention and treatments of apple ring rot according to published time. The results showed that the occurrence degree of apple ring rot increased year by year, and were uneven among the major apple producing areas with a trend of spreading gradually from east to west. Researchers had paid more attention to control and pharmaceutical experiments of ring rot, while the studies on basic research, projections and forecasts of the disease were not enough. Some prevention and control recommendations of apple ring rot were proposed based on the detailed analysis.展开更多
Previous experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that a weak signal can be amplified and optimized by the assistance of noise. The response of the system undergoes stochastic resonance(SR) like behavior...Previous experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that a weak signal can be amplified and optimized by the assistance of noise. The response of the system undergoes stochastic resonance(SR) like behavior. The underlying mechanisms are fairly simple and robust. This phenomenon has been observed in a large variety of systems, including physical and biological systems. In the nervous system, the majority of synaptic input is too weak to make neurons fire a spike. This weak(or subthreshold) signals detection is very important for animal survival, and pulse detection is a simple but basic task of neuronal information transmission and processing. Some studies have found that subthreshold signals can be transmitted by the application of external noise. However, neurons are subjected to various kinds of inherent noise. Recently, theoretical work has revealed that this inherent noise improves signals detection ability. The detection ability of a single neuron is limited, and the neuronal circuit can perform this task very well by detecting the synchronization of presynaptic potentials. Here, we review recent studies of subthreshold detection by both single neurons and neuronal circuits.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest"Species and Damage Characteristic of Pests in Apple" (200903004-42)"Research and Demonstration of Fruit Trees Rot Disease Prevention and Control Technology"(201203034)
文摘After retrieving all papers with the theme of ＂apple ring rot＂ from 1994 to 2010, the article made a statistical analysis on locations, occurrence degree, regularity, prevention and treatments of apple ring rot according to published time. The results showed that the occurrence degree of apple ring rot increased year by year, and were uneven among the major apple producing areas with a trend of spreading gradually from east to west. Researchers had paid more attention to control and pharmaceutical experiments of ring rot, while the studies on basic research, projections and forecasts of the disease were not enough. Some prevention and control recommendations of apple ring rot were proposed based on the detailed analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11275084)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu ProvinceChina(Grant No.1506RJZA040)
文摘Previous experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that a weak signal can be amplified and optimized by the assistance of noise. The response of the system undergoes stochastic resonance(SR) like behavior. The underlying mechanisms are fairly simple and robust. This phenomenon has been observed in a large variety of systems, including physical and biological systems. In the nervous system, the majority of synaptic input is too weak to make neurons fire a spike. This weak(or subthreshold) signals detection is very important for animal survival, and pulse detection is a simple but basic task of neuronal information transmission and processing. Some studies have found that subthreshold signals can be transmitted by the application of external noise. However, neurons are subjected to various kinds of inherent noise. Recently, theoretical work has revealed that this inherent noise improves signals detection ability. The detection ability of a single neuron is limited, and the neuronal circuit can perform this task very well by detecting the synchronization of presynaptic potentials. Here, we review recent studies of subthreshold detection by both single neurons and neuronal circuits.
