Phosphorus loss from fertilization is a significant source of pollution to freshwater lakes worldwide. Production of flowers, vegetables, staple food and vineyard in regions surrounding Dianchi, Erhai, Fuxian and Xing...Phosphorus loss from fertilization is a significant source of pollution to freshwater lakes worldwide. Production of flowers, vegetables, staple food and vineyard in regions surrounding Dianchi, Erhai, Fuxian and Xingyun lakes in Yunnan Province is large-scale. Previous studies have shown that annual fertilizer application rates (AFARs) were excessive in these regions. Significant amount of arable land near lakes has been used to build recreational parks with plants that receive less fertilization to reduce P loading. To answer whether rAFARs were associated with specific crops, AFARs of specific land uses were investigated through interviews. To estimate P loading, NaHCO3-P and NaOH-P concentrations were measured in 753 soil samples of selected layers (0 - 5, 5 - 20, 20 - 40 cm) in regions surrounding these lakes. Soil texture, pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were analyzed to characterize soils. P loading was high ranging from 999 to 2094 mg P/kg as measured by NaOH-P, and levels of NaHCO3-P from 18.6 to 92.2 mg P/kg. AFARs to flower (4745 kg/ha), and vegetable (2967 kg/ha) were higher than those applied to staple food (945 kg/ha), and plants in recreation parks (200 kg/ha). The highest NaHCO3-P and NaOH-P concentrations in selected layers were associated with production of flowers, vegetables, and grapes. Although all layers of soils that were used for recreation parks in regions near Dianchi lake contained lower NaHCO3-P, NaOH-P was almost as high as with soils cultivated with flowers probably reflecting historical additions or differences in soil type. Here we show for the first time in local regions that the production of flowers, grapes and vegetables was a critical source contributing to the buildup of both readily available (NaHCO3-P) and reversibly available P (NaOH-P). Build-up of recreational parks with plants that receive less fertilization would be a long-term remediation to reduce P loading of soils in regions near Dianchi lake.展开更多
Gerbera Hybrida is one of the important cut flowers across the world.The novel traits are the primarily market requirements and the breeding targets,mainly determined by the degree of genetic variation after hybridiza...Gerbera Hybrida is one of the important cut flowers across the world.The novel traits are the primarily market requirements and the breeding targets,mainly determined by the degree of genetic variation after hybridization.However,meiotic recombination is highly conserved in most eukaryotes which suppressed the crossover formation and limited the genetic diversity.Recently,several meiotic recombination suppressors have been identified and characterized in plants,whereas it remains elusive in G.hybrida.In order to characterize the expression patterns of these suppressors in G.hybrida,20 candidate reference genes were identified from the transcriptome datasets of G.hybrida,and their expression stabilities during plant development were evaluated by geNorm,NormFinder and BestKeeper.Although the most stable reference genes were variable in different softwares,comprehensive ranking revealed that PGK2 was the most stable reference gene and GAPDH was the most unstable one.The expression patterns of FANCM,FIGL1,RECQ4,RM1,and FLIP further validated that PGK2 was suitable for normalization of gene expression.Our study identified a reliable reference gene for gene expression during meiotic recombination,and provided functional insights into meiotic recombination suppressors in G.hybrida.展开更多
Meiotic recombination and the resulting novel allele combinations are fundamental to plant breeding and the identification of superior hybrids.However,the rate of meiotic crossovers is naturally suppressed below its p...Meiotic recombination and the resulting novel allele combinations are fundamental to plant breeding and the identification of superior hybrids.However,the rate of meiotic crossovers is naturally suppressed below its potential ability,which prevents plant breeding efficiency.Nine suppressors of meiotic recombination have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis and in other crop species.Mutations in these genes can lead to increased recombination frequency and could therefore potentially be used to create hyper-recombinant lines for ornamental breeding.In Gerbera hybrida,the anti-crossover factors remain elusive.In this study,we isolated and cloned TOP3αfrom flower buds of G.hybrida,and it encoded 935 amino acids with three conserved domains TOPRIM,TOP1Ac and zf-GR.Moreover,TOP3αwas the highest expressed at the flower bud stage,which coincided with the occurrence of meiotic recombination,suggesting that TOP3αis associated with the regulation of meiotic recombination in G.hybrida.展开更多
文摘Phosphorus loss from fertilization is a significant source of pollution to freshwater lakes worldwide. Production of flowers, vegetables, staple food and vineyard in regions surrounding Dianchi, Erhai, Fuxian and Xingyun lakes in Yunnan Province is large-scale. Previous studies have shown that annual fertilizer application rates (AFARs) were excessive in these regions. Significant amount of arable land near lakes has been used to build recreational parks with plants that receive less fertilization to reduce P loading. To answer whether rAFARs were associated with specific crops, AFARs of specific land uses were investigated through interviews. To estimate P loading, NaHCO3-P and NaOH-P concentrations were measured in 753 soil samples of selected layers (0 - 5, 5 - 20, 20 - 40 cm) in regions surrounding these lakes. Soil texture, pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were analyzed to characterize soils. P loading was high ranging from 999 to 2094 mg P/kg as measured by NaOH-P, and levels of NaHCO3-P from 18.6 to 92.2 mg P/kg. AFARs to flower (4745 kg/ha), and vegetable (2967 kg/ha) were higher than those applied to staple food (945 kg/ha), and plants in recreation parks (200 kg/ha). The highest NaHCO3-P and NaOH-P concentrations in selected layers were associated with production of flowers, vegetables, and grapes. Although all layers of soils that were used for recreation parks in regions near Dianchi lake contained lower NaHCO3-P, NaOH-P was almost as high as with soils cultivated with flowers probably reflecting historical additions or differences in soil type. Here we show for the first time in local regions that the production of flowers, grapes and vegetables was a critical source contributing to the buildup of both readily available (NaHCO3-P) and reversibly available P (NaOH-P). Build-up of recreational parks with plants that receive less fertilization would be a long-term remediation to reduce P loading of soils in regions near Dianchi lake.
基金funded by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.2019FD030)Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2019ZG006,202102AE090052)Ten-thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province–Yunling Scholar of Industrial Technology Leading Talent Project(Grant No.Yun Fagai Renshi[2018]No.212)。
文摘Gerbera Hybrida is one of the important cut flowers across the world.The novel traits are the primarily market requirements and the breeding targets,mainly determined by the degree of genetic variation after hybridization.However,meiotic recombination is highly conserved in most eukaryotes which suppressed the crossover formation and limited the genetic diversity.Recently,several meiotic recombination suppressors have been identified and characterized in plants,whereas it remains elusive in G.hybrida.In order to characterize the expression patterns of these suppressors in G.hybrida,20 candidate reference genes were identified from the transcriptome datasets of G.hybrida,and their expression stabilities during plant development were evaluated by geNorm,NormFinder and BestKeeper.Although the most stable reference genes were variable in different softwares,comprehensive ranking revealed that PGK2 was the most stable reference gene and GAPDH was the most unstable one.The expression patterns of FANCM,FIGL1,RECQ4,RM1,and FLIP further validated that PGK2 was suitable for normalization of gene expression.Our study identified a reliable reference gene for gene expression during meiotic recombination,and provided functional insights into meiotic recombination suppressors in G.hybrida.
基金the Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province-Youth Project(Grant No.2019FD030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31960608)the Ten-thousand Talents Program of Yunnan Province–Yunling Scholar of Industrial Technology Leading Talent Project(Grant No.Yun Fagai Renshi[2018]No.212).
文摘Meiotic recombination and the resulting novel allele combinations are fundamental to plant breeding and the identification of superior hybrids.However,the rate of meiotic crossovers is naturally suppressed below its potential ability,which prevents plant breeding efficiency.Nine suppressors of meiotic recombination have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis and in other crop species.Mutations in these genes can lead to increased recombination frequency and could therefore potentially be used to create hyper-recombinant lines for ornamental breeding.In Gerbera hybrida,the anti-crossover factors remain elusive.In this study,we isolated and cloned TOP3αfrom flower buds of G.hybrida,and it encoded 935 amino acids with three conserved domains TOPRIM,TOP1Ac and zf-GR.Moreover,TOP3αwas the highest expressed at the flower bud stage,which coincided with the occurrence of meiotic recombination,suggesting that TOP3αis associated with the regulation of meiotic recombination in G.hybrida.
