2D DOA Estimation of Coherent Signals with a Separated Linear Acoustic Vector-Sensor Array

In this paper, a two-dimensional(2D) DOA estimation algorithm of coherent signals with a separated linear acoustic vector-sensor(AVS) array consisting of two sparse AVS arrays is proposed. Firstly,the partitioned spatial smoothing(PSS) technique is used to construct a block covariance matrix, so as to decorrelate the coherency of signals. Then a signal subspace can be obtained by singular value decomposition(SVD) of the covariance matrix. Using the signal subspace, two extended signal subspaces are constructed to compensate aperture loss caused by PSS.The elevation angles can be estimated by estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT) algorithm. At last, the estimated elevation angles can be used to estimate automatically paired azimuth angles. Compared with some other ESPRIT algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows higher estimation accuracy, which can be proved through the simulation results.

Granulomatous mastitis in a 50-year-old male:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Granulomatous mastitis(GM)an inflammatory disease of the breast that usually affects women of childbearing age,occurs very rarely in males.CASE SUMMARY We present a case study of a 50-year-old male patient with GM.The patient developed a breast lump following the cleaning of a previously embedded dirtfilled nipple.While an initial improvement was noted with antibiotic therapy,a recurrence occurred a year later,showing resistance to the previously effective antibiotics.Subsequently,the lesion was excised.The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GM.CONCLUSION GM should be considered a possible diagnosis of male breast masses.

Gearbox Scheme in High Temperature Reactor Helium Gas Turbine System

Helium Turbine is used in High Temperature Reactor Helium Gas Turbine (HTR-GT) system, by which the direct helium circulation between the reactor and turbine generator system will come true. Between helium turbine and generator, there is gearbox device which reduces the turbine rotation speed to normal speed required by the generator. Three optional gearbox schemes are discussed. The first is single reduction cylindrical gearbox, which consists of one high speed gear and one low speed gear. Its advantage is simple structure, easy to manufacture, and high reliability, while its disadvantage is large volume and misalignment of input and output axle. The second is planetary gear mechanism with static planet carrier. The third is planetary gear mechanism with static internal gear. The latter two gearbox devices have similar structure. Their advantage is small volume and high reduction gear ratio, while disadvantage are complicated structure, many gears, low reliability and low mechanical efficiency.

循环经济政策与中国企业环境绩效:助推器抑或绊脚石?

循环经济政策能通过减少资源消耗浪费、实现资源循环再利用来提升企业环境绩效,但也可能会因此加剧规制成本压力或受困于技术复杂性而挫败企业治污积极性。为此,本文利用中国工业企业数据库、工业企业污染排放数据和投入产出数据,通过构建双重差分模型识别循环经济试点政策对企业污染排放的影响,以分析其到底是企业污染治理中的“助推器”还是“绊脚石”。研究发现:循环经济试点政策实施后,实验组的污染物排放量相比于对照组显著降低,说明循环经济试点政策显著提高了企业环境绩效。这一结论在采用替换被解释变量、删除同期政策干扰、控制行业时间趋势、随机抽取实验组的安慰剂等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。进一步地,循环经济政策实施有利于促进企业节能降耗、加强末端处理和提升技术开发能力,进而推动企业环境绩效提升。异质性检验发现,循环经济政策的作用在非资源型城市的企业、超大型城市的企业以及上游服务业外资开放度高的行业的企业样本中更为突出。在“双碳”目标下,本文从循环经济的新视角拓展了环境规制政策效果评估的理论研究,并为助力实现绿色低碳循环发展、推进生态文明建设、擘画“美丽中国”蓝图提供了靶向发力的政策依据。

The mechanism and relevant mediators associated with neuronal apoptosis and potential therapeutic targets in subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is a dominant cause of death and disability wo rldwide.A sharp increase in intracranial pressure after SAH leads to a reduction in cerebral perfusion and insufficient blood supply for neuro ns,which subsequently promotes a series of pathophysiological responses leading to neuronal death.Many previous experimental studies have reported that excitotoxicity,mitochondrial death pathways,the release of free radicals,protein misfolding,apoptosis,nec rosis,autophagy,and inflammation are involved solely or in combination in this disorder.Among them,irreversible neuronal apoptosis plays a key role in both short-and long-term prognoses after SAH.Neuronal apoptosis occurs through multiple pathways including extrinsic,mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum,p53 and oxidative stress.Meanwhile,a large number of blood contents enter the subarachnoid space after SAH,and the secondary metabolites,including oxygenated hemoglo bin and heme,further aggravate the destruction of the blood-brain barrier and vasogenic and cytotoxic brain edema,causing early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischemia,and ultimately increasing neuronal apoptosis.Even there is no clear and effective therapeutic strategy for SAH thus far,but by understanding apoptosis,we might excavate new ideas and approaches,as targeting the upstream and downstream molecules of apoptosis-related pathways shows promise in the treatment of SAH.In this review,we summarize the existing evidence on molecules and related drugs or molecules involved in the apoptotic pathway after SAH,which provides a possible target or new strategy for the treatment of SAH.

High-Entropy Alloys to Activate the Sulfur Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Sulfur element possesses an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity,while the utilization of sulfur in the whole cathode is lower obviously owing to the sluggish kinetics of sulfur and discharged products,limiting the enhancement on energy density of lithium-sulfur batteries.Herein,for the first time,Fe_(0.24)Co_(0.26)Ni_(0.10)Cu_(0.15)Mn_(0.25)high-entropy alloy is introduced as the core catalytic host to activate the electrochemical performance of the sulfur cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries.It is manifested that Fe_(0.24)Co_(0.26)Ni_(0.10)Cu_(0.15)Mn_(0.25)high-entropy alloy nanocrystallites distributed on nitrogen-doped carbon exhibit high electrocatalytic activity toward the conversion of solid sulfur to solid discharged products across soluble intermediate lithium polysulfides.In particular,benefiting from the accelerated kinetics by high-entropy alloy nanocrystallites and synergistic adsorption by nitrogen-doped carbon,the cathode exhibits high reversible capacity of 1079.5 mAh g_(-cathode)^(-1)(high utilization of 89.4%)with the whole cathode as active material,instead of sulfur element.Moreover,under both lean electrolyte(3μmg^(-1))and ultrahigh sulfur loading(27.0 mg cm^(-2))condition,the high discharge capacity of 868.2 mAh g_(-cathode)^(-1)can be still achieved for the sulfur cathode.This strategy opens up a new path to explore catalytic host materials for enhancing the utilization of sulfur in the whole cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries.

Adult neurogenesis in the primate hippocampus

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN) is crucial for learning,memory,and emotion.Deficits of AHN may lead to reduced cognitive abilities and neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer’s disease.Extensive studies on rodent AHN have clarified the developmental and maturation processes of adult neural stem/progenitor cells.However,to what extent these findings apply to primates remains controversial.Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled in-depth investigation of the transcriptome of AHN-related populations at single-cell resolution.Here,we summarize studies of AHN in primates.Results suggest that neurogenesis is largely shared across species,but substantial differences also exist.Marker gene expression patterns in primates differ from those of rodents.Compared with rodents,the primate hippocampus has a higher proportion of immature dentate granule cells and a longer maturation period of newly generated granule cells.Future research on species divergence may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis in primates.

Osteocyte Egln1/Phd2 links oxygen sensing and biomineralization via FGF23

Osteocytes act within a hypoxic environment to control key steps in bone formation.FGF23,a critical phosphate-regulating hormone,is stimulated by low oxygen/iron in acute and chronic diseases,however the molecular mechanisms directing this process remain unclear.Our goal was to identify the osteocyte factors responsible for FGF23 production driven by changes in oxygen/iron utilization.Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors(HIF-PHI)which stabilize HIF transcription factors,increased Fgf23 in normal mice,as well as in osteocyte-like cells;in mice with conditional osteocyte Fgf23 deletion,circulating i FGF23 was suppressed.An inducible MSC cell line(‘MPC2’)underwent FG-4592 treatment and ATACseq/RNAseq,and demonstrated that differentiated osteocytes significantly increased HIF genomic accessibility versus progenitor cells.Integrative genomics also revealed increased prolyl hydroxylase Egln1(Phd2)chromatin accessibility and expression,which was positively associated with osteocyte differentiation.In mice with chronic kidney disease(CKD),Phd1-3 enzymes were suppressed,consistent with FGF23 upregulation in this model.Conditional loss of Phd2 from osteocytes in vivo resulted in upregulated Fgf23,in line with our findings that the MPC2 cell line lacking Phd2(CRISPR Phd2-KO cells)constitutively activated Fgf23 that was abolished by HIF1αblockade.In vitro,Phd2-KO cells lost iron-mediated suppression of Fgf23 and this activity was not compensated for by Phd1 or-3.In sum,osteocytes become adapted to oxygen/iron sensing during differentiation and are directly sensitive to bioavailable iron.Further,Phd2 is a critical mediator of osteocyte FGF23 production,thus our collective studies may provide new therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases involving disturbed oxygen/iron sensing.

Isolated axillary tumor deposit consistent with primary breast carcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND We all know that lymph-node metastasis is an important factor for poor clinical outcome in breast cancer prognosis.Tumor deposit refers to a discrete collection of cancer cells that is found in the lymph nodes or other tissues adjacent to the primary tumor site.These tumor deposits are separate from the primary tumor and are often considered as a manifestation of lymph node metastasis.In gastric and colorectal cancer,tumor deposits in the lymph node drainage area have been included as independent prognostic factors.The question arises whether tumor deposits should also be considered as prognostic factors in breast cancer patients.This article aims to provoke some thoughts on this matter through a case study and literature review.CASE SUMMARY A 70-year-old female patient was found to have a right breast lump for over 2 years.On January 3,2023,a core needle biopsy of the right breast lump was performed,and the pathology report indicated invasive carcinoma.Subsequently,on January 17,2023,the patient underwent right breast-conserving surgery,sentinel lymph node biopsy,and right axillary lymph node dissection.The postoperative pathological staging was determined as stage IIB.The patient received chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and endocrine therapy.At present,nearly one year after the surgery,no obvious signs of metastasis have been observed in the follow-up examinations,but the long-term prognosis is still unknown.CONCLUSION There is a need for increased focus on the matter of tumor deposits in the lymph node drainage region,as well as a requirement for further clinical investigation to ascertain the relevance of tumor deposits in the prognosis of individuals with breast carcinoma.

Defects and asymmetries in the visual pathway of non-human primates with natural strabismus and amblyopia

Strabismus and amblyopia are common ophthalmologic developmental diseases caused by abnormal visual experiences. However, the underlying pathogenesis and visual defects are still not fully understood. Most studies have used experimental interference to establish diseaseassociated animal models, while ignoring the natural pathophysiological mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate whether natural strabismus and amblyopia are associated with abnormal neurological defects. We screened one natural strabismic monkey(Macaca fascicularis) and one natural amblyopic monkey from hundreds of monkeys, and retrospectively analyzed one human strabismus case. Neuroimaging, behavioral,neurophysiological, neurostructural, and genovariation features were systematically evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), behavioral tasks, flash visual evoked potentials(FVEP),electroretinogram(ERG), optical coherence tomography(OCT), and whole-genome sequencing(WGS), respectively. Results showed that the strabismic patient and natural strabismic and amblyopic monkeys exhibited similar abnormal asymmetries in brain structure, i.e., ipsilateral impaired right hemisphere. Visual behavior, visual function, retinal structure, and fundus of the monkeys were impaired. Aberrant asymmetry in binocular visual function and structure between the strabismic and amblyopic monkeys was closely related, with greater impairment of the left visual pathway.Several similar known mutant genes for strabismus and amblyopia were also identified. In conclusion,natural strabismus and amblyopia are accompanied by abnormal asymmetries of the visual system,especially visual neurophysiological and neurostructural defects. Our results suggest that future therapeutic and mechanistic studies should consider defects and asymmetries throughout the entire visual system.

Switching of K-Q intervalley trions fine structure and their dynamics in n-doped monolayer WS_(2)

Monolayer group VI transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have recently emerged as promising candidates for photonic and opto-valleytronic applications.The optoelectronic properties of these atomically-thin semiconducting crystals are strongly governed by the tightly bound electron-hole pairs such as excitons and trions(charged excitons).The anomalous spin and valley configurations at the conduction band edges in monolayer WS_(2)give rise to even more fascinating valley many-body complexes.Here we find that the indirect Q valley in the first Brillouin zone of monolayer WS_(2)plays a critical role in the formation of a new excitonic state,which has not been well studied.By employing a high-quality h-BN encapsulated WS_(2)field-effect transistor,we are able to switch the electron concentration within K-Q valleys at conduction band edges.Consequently,a distinct emission feature could be excited at the high electron doping region.Such feature has a competing population with the K valley trion,and experiences nonlinear power-law response and lifetime dynamics under doping.Our findings open up a new avenue for the study of valley many-body physics and quantum optics in semiconducting 2D materials,as well as provide a promising way of valley manipulation for next-generation entangled photonic devices.

Molecular quantification of copepod Acartia erythraea feeding on different algae preys

Quantitative evaluation of the copepod feeding process is critical for understanding the functioning of marine food webs, as this provides a major link between primary producers and higher trophic levels. In this study, a molecular protocol based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) targeting 18S rDNA was developed and used to investigate the feeding and digestion rates of the copepod Acartia erythraea in a laboratory experiment using microalgae Thalassiosira weissflogii, Prorocentrum shikokuense, and Alexandrium catenella as prey. Although offered an equal encounter rate based on biovolume, prey uptake varied substantially among the three algal species, with the ingestion rate(IR) and digestion rate(DR) of A. erythraea differing significantly(P <0.001) based on both cell counting and qPCR detection. Acartia erythraea showed the highest IR(2.79×10~4 cells/(ind.·h)) and DR(2.43×10~4 cells/(ind.·h)) on T. weissflogii, and the lowest amounts of ingested P. shikokuense were detected. The highest assimilation rate(~90.64%, IR/DR) was observed in copepods fed with P. shikokuense. The qPCR method used here can help determine the digestion rate and assimilation rate of copepods by detecting cells remaining in the gut hence providing the possibility to examine trophic links involving key species in the marine ecosystem. Our results indicate that A. erythraea has diet-specific feeding performance in different processes, and a quantitative assessment of copepod feeding is needed to accurately determine its functional role in the energy and matter uptake from marine food webs.

Inverse-opal structured TiO_(2) regulating electrodeposition behavior to enable stable lithium metal electrodes

Lithium metal anode is almost the ultimate choice for high-energy density rechargeable batteries, but its uneven electrochemical dissolution-deposition characteristics lead to poor cycle stability and lithium dendrites safety problems. The fundamental solution to the problems is to interfere electrodeposition process of lithium metal so that it can be carried out reversibly and stably. In this work, an inverse-opal structured TiO2membrane with a thickness of only ~1 μm is designed to regulate the electrodeposition behavior of lithium metal, in which the ordered channels homogenize mass transfer process, the anatase TiO_(2)walls of the ion channels reduce desolvation barrier of solvated lithium-ions, and the spherical cavities with a diameter of ~300 nm confine migration of the adsorbed lithium atoms during electrocrystallization to diminish overpotential of lithium. These systematic effects cover and essentially change the whole process of electrodeposition of lithium metal and eliminate the possibility of lithium dendrite formation. The as-obtained lithium metal electrode delivers a Coulombic efficiency of 99.86% in the 100th cycle, and maintains a low deposition overpotential of 0.01 V for 800 h.

Fast 3D joint inversion of gravity and magnetic data based on cross gradient constraint

The gravity and magnetic data can be adopted to interpret the internal structure of the Earth.To improve the calculation efficiency during the inversion process and the accuracy and reliability of the reconstructed physical property models,the triple strategy is adopted in this paper to develop a fast cross-gradient joint inversion for gravity and magnetic data.The cross-gradient constraint contains solving the gradients of the physical property models and performing the cross-product calculation of their gradients.The sparse matrices are first obtained by calculating the gradients of the physical property models derived from the first-order finite difference.Then,the triple method is applied to optimize the storages and the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models.Therefore,the storage compression amount of the calculations related to the gradients of the physical property models and the cross-gradient constraint are reduced to one-fold of the number of grid cells at least,and the compression ratio increases with the increase of the number of grid cells.The test results from the synthetic data and field data prove that the structural coupling is achieved by using the fast cross-gradient joint inversion method to effectively reduce the multiplicity of solutions and improve the computing efficiency.

Hybrid simulation of q=1 high-order harmonics driven by passing energetic particles in tokamak plasmas

High-order harmonics q(ψ_(s))=1 energetic particle modes(EPMs)have been observed in toroidal plasmas experiments with neutral beam injection.To investigate these phenomena,linear properties and nonlinear dynamics of these EPMs driven by passing energetic particles(EPs)are studied via the global hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic code M3D-K.Simulation results demonstrate that passing EPs'effects on high mode-number harmonics(q(ψ_(s))=m/n=2/2,3/3,4/4)instability are more obvious than the q(ψ_(s))=1/1 mode,especially when q-profile is sufficiently flat in the core region.Furthermore,the effects of the pitch angleΛ_0 and beam ion pressure P_(hot)/P_(total)on the features of high n components are also analyzed specifically.It is found that there exists only one resonant condition for these EPMs.In the nonlinear phase,these high mode-number harmonics can induce significant energetic ions redistribution and chirping up phenomena,which differs from the classical fishbone excited by passing EPs.These discoveries are conducive to better apprehend the underlying physical mechanisms of the highorder harmonics driven by passing EPs.

Joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data based on modified structural similarity index for the structural and petrophysical consistency constraint

Joint inversion is one of the most effective methods for reducing non-uniqueness for geophysical inversion.The current joint inversion methods can be divided into the structural consistency constraint and petrophysical consistency constraint methods,which are mutually independent.Currently,there is a need for joint inversion methods that can comprehensively consider the structural consistency constraints and petrophysical consistency constraints.This paper develops the structural similarity index(SSIM)as a new structural and petrophysical consistency constraint for the joint inversion of gravity and vertical gradient data.The SSIM constraint is in the form of a fraction,which may have analytical singularities.Therefore,converting the fractional form to the subtractive form can solve the problem of analytic singularity and finally form a modified structural consistency index of the joint inversion,which enhances the stability of the SSIM constraint applied to the joint inversion.Compared to the reconstructed results from the cross-gradient inversion,the proposed method presents good performance and stability.The SSIM algorithm is a new joint inversion method for petrophysical and structural constraints.It can promote the consistency of the recovered models from the distribution and the structure of the physical property values.Then,applications to synthetic data illustrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can well process the synthetic data and acquire good reconstructed results.

疏水强化浮选:双亲矿基捕收剂与常规捕收剂的对比

通过接触角和单矿物浮选试验,对比研究黄原酸酯−羟肟酸双配体捕收剂与黄原酸酯+羟肟酸组合捕收剂对氧化铜矿物浮选和疏水性能。结果表明,S−[(2−羟胺基)−2−乙酰基]−O−辛基−二硫代碳酸酯(HAOODE)对孔雀石的疏水化能力和浮选性能优于辛基羟肟酸(OHA)及其与S−烯丙基−O−乙基黄原酸酯(AEXE)的组合。通过动电位测试、原子力显微镜扫描和XPS分析,考察HAOODE对孔雀石的疏水强化机理。结果显示,HAOODE化学吸附在孔雀石表面,形成含羟肟酸—(O,O)—Cu和—O—C(—S—Cu)—S—构型的表面Cu—HAOODE络合物。HAOODE的双官能团共吸附产生了“环”形结构,比OHA和AEXE的单官能团吸附更稳定,强化其在孔雀石表面的吸附。此外,与OHA的“线”形和AEXE的“V”形疏水碳链相比,HAOODE的“h”形双疏水基强化了孔雀石表面疏水。因此,与OHA和AEXE相比,HAOODE对孔雀石颗粒浮选回收率更高。

Transarterial embolization for massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage following abdominal surgery

AIM:To evaluate the clinical results of angiography and embolization for massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage after abdominal surgery.METHODS:This retrospective study included 26 patients with postoperative hemorrhage after abdominal surgery. All patients underwent emergency transarterial angiography,and 21 patients underwent emergency embolization. We retrospectively analyzed the angiographic features and the clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization.RESULTS:Angiography showed that a discrete bleeding focus was detected in 21(81%) of 26 patients.Positive angiographic findings included extravasations of contrast medium(n = 9),pseudoaneurysms(n =9),and fusiform aneurysms(n = 3). Transarterial embolization was technically successful in 21(95%) of 22patients. Clinical success was achieved in 18(82%) of 22 patients. No postembolization complications were observed. Three patients died of rebleeding.CONCLUSION:The positive rate of angiographic findings in 26 patients with postoperative gastrointestinal hemorrhage was 81%. Transcatheter arterial embolization seems to be an effective and safe method in the management of postoperative gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Fentanyl inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin release from β-cells in rat pancreatic islets

AIM: To explore the effects of fentanyl on insulin release from freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets in static culture.METHODS: Islets were isolated from the pancreas of mature Sprague Dawley rats by common bile duct intraductal collagenase V digestion and were purified by discontinuous Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The islets were divided into four groups according to the fentanyl concentration: control group (0 ng/mL), group -□(0.3 ng/mL), group□(3.0 ng/mL), and group□(30 ng/mL). In each group, the islets were co-cultured for 48 h with drugs under static conditions with fentanyl alone, fentanyl + 0.1 μg/mL naloxone or fentanyl + 1.0 μg/mL naloxone. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Insulin release in response to low and high concentrations (2.8 mmol/L and 16.7 mmol/L, respectively) of glucose was investigated and electron microscopy morphological assessment was performed.RESULTS: Low-and high-glucose-stimulated insulin release in the control group was significantly higherthan in groups□and□(62.33 ± 9.67 μIU vs 47.75 ±8.47 μIU, 39.67 ± 6.18 μIU and 125.5 ± 22.04 μIU vs 96.17 ± 14.17 μIU, 75.17 ± 13.57 μIU, respectively, P <0.01) and was lowest in group □(P < 0.01). After adding1 μg/mL naloxone, insulin release in groups □and□wasnot different from the control group. Electron microscopy studies showed that the islets were damaged by 30 ng/mL fentanyl.CONCLUSION: Fentanyl inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release from rat islets, which could be prevented by naloxone. Higher concentrations of fentanyl significantly damaged β-cells of rat islets.