Nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient of net primary production in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, Northeast China. Species richness declined and biomass increased after five consecutive years of nitrogen fert...Nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient of net primary production in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, Northeast China. Species richness declined and biomass increased after five consecutive years of nitrogen fertilization of these sandy grasslands （2004-2008）. After fertilization had been stopped for three years （2009-2011）, we surveyed vegetation on previously fertilized plots to quantify changes in commu- nity composition. Respect species richness showed an increasing trend over time since the cessation of fertilization. Respect vegetation height and coverage showed decreasing trends over time since the cessation of fertilization. Species composition changed after fertilization ceased, the dominant species shifting from Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Chenopodium acuminaturn in 2008 to Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Artemisia scoparia in 2011. Dominance of dominant species declined from 66.2% in 2008 to 57.5% in 2011. The importance value of annual plants in the earlier nitrogen addition plots was higher than in control plots, but the differences were not significant in 2011. The importance value of perennial plants differed significantly between treatments from 2009 to 2011. The reversion rate not only differed be- tween community characteristics, but also between functional groups in the same community characteristic. Although the residual effect of nitrogen addition on vegetation was still observed three years after fertilization ceased, the vegetation showed signs of recovery.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the adaptive tracking control problem of nonlinear time-varyingsystems. Based on the backstepping technology, an event-based prescribed performance controlscheme is developed. And the time...This paper is concerned with the adaptive tracking control problem of nonlinear time-varyingsystems. Based on the backstepping technology, an event-based prescribed performance controlscheme is developed. And the time-varying uncertainties of the system are handled byutilising bound estimation method. The proposed controller not only ensures the prescribedtracking performance, but also reduces the communication burden. By using Lyapunov stabilityanalysis, it is proven that all of the closed-loop signals are bounded, and the tracking errorcan converge to zero. Simultaneously, Zeno behaviour is excluded. Finally, the simulation resultsare utilised to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Projects No.XDA05050401 and XDA050570100the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Project No.30800143
文摘Nitrogen was the main limiting nutrient of net primary production in the southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands, Northeast China. Species richness declined and biomass increased after five consecutive years of nitrogen fertilization of these sandy grasslands （2004-2008）. After fertilization had been stopped for three years （2009-2011）, we surveyed vegetation on previously fertilized plots to quantify changes in commu- nity composition. Respect species richness showed an increasing trend over time since the cessation of fertilization. Respect vegetation height and coverage showed decreasing trends over time since the cessation of fertilization. Species composition changed after fertilization ceased, the dominant species shifting from Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Chenopodium acuminaturn in 2008 to Cannabis sativa, Phragmites communis and Artemisia scoparia in 2011. Dominance of dominant species declined from 66.2% in 2008 to 57.5% in 2011. The importance value of annual plants in the earlier nitrogen addition plots was higher than in control plots, but the differences were not significant in 2011. The importance value of perennial plants differed significantly between treatments from 2009 to 2011. The reversion rate not only differed be- tween community characteristics, but also between functional groups in the same community characteristic. Although the residual effect of nitrogen addition on vegetation was still observed three years after fertilization ceased, the vegetation showed signs of recovery.
基金the Funds of National Science of China[grant number 61973146]in part by the Distinguished Young Scientifific Research Talents Plan in Liaoning Province[grant number XLYC1907077]in part by the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province ofChina[grant number tsqn201909097].
文摘This paper is concerned with the adaptive tracking control problem of nonlinear time-varyingsystems. Based on the backstepping technology, an event-based prescribed performance controlscheme is developed. And the time-varying uncertainties of the system are handled byutilising bound estimation method. The proposed controller not only ensures the prescribedtracking performance, but also reduces the communication burden. By using Lyapunov stabilityanalysis, it is proven that all of the closed-loop signals are bounded, and the tracking errorcan converge to zero. Simultaneously, Zeno behaviour is excluded. Finally, the simulation resultsare utilised to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme.
