Apolipoprotein C3(-455T>C) polymorphism confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the Southern Han Chinese population

AIM:To investigate the relationship between Apolipoprotein C3(APOC3)(-455T>C) polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in the Southern Chinese han population.METHODS:In this prospective case-control study,we recruited 300 NAFLD patients and 300 healthy controls to a cohort representing Southern Chinese han population at The First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University,from January to December 2012. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing were used to genotype the APOC3(-455T>C) variants.RESULTS:After adjusting for age,gender,and bodymass index,TC and CC genotypes were found to increase the susceptibility to NAFLD compared to the TT genotype,with adjusted odds ratios(ORs) of 1.77(95%CI:1.16-2.72) and 2.80(95%CI:1.64-4.79),respectively. Further stratification analysis indicated that carriers of the CC genotype was more susceptible to insulin resistance(IR) than those of the TT genotype,with an OR of 3.24(95%CI:1.52-6.92). The CC genotype also was associated with a significantly higher risk of hypertension,hypertriglyceridemia,and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(hDL)(P < 0.05). No association was found between the APOC3(-455T>C) polymorphism and obesity,impaired glucose tolerance,hyperuricemia,hypercholesterolemia,or high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL)(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:APOC3(-455T>C) genetic variation is involved in the susceptibility to developing NAFLD,IR,hypertension,hypertriglyceridemia,and low hDL in the Southern Chinese han population.

辽西地区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查及其危险因素分析

目的调查辽西地区0~14岁儿童哮喘的发病情况,并分析其危险因素。方法采用随机抽样的方法选取2000年7月-2014年6月于辽西锦州、葫芦岛、阜新、盘锦及朝阳市抽取的0~14岁20 000例儿童进行哮喘流行病学调查。结果本研究收回完整调查问卷19 679份,应答率为98.40%。其中哮喘儿童491例,患病率为2.50%。诱因以呼吸道感染最常见,约为84.66%。季节交替为儿童哮喘发病的高峰,约为41.29%,其次为冬季,约为28.31%。好发时间段以午夜和清晨为主,分别为31.54%和27.26%。首次发病年龄<3岁患儿363例,占患儿总例数的73.93%。发作类型以突然发作为主,占45.82%;最严重发作程度以中度为主,占60.49%。患儿中一、二级亲属有哮喘史的分别占26.27%和18.94%。哮喘儿童个人过敏史中最常见的是湿疹,占49.08%。491例哮喘患儿在哮喘发作时大多数使用支气管舒张剂治疗(86.97%)。结论男童患病率高于女童,以学龄期儿童最高;哮喘的诱因以呼吸道感染为主;哮喘的发作具有明显的遗传倾向;目前我国不规范治疗及滥用抗生素现象仍比较严重,应进一步普及和推广国际标准化治疗方案。

Role of the microbiome in non-gastrointestinal cancers

"The forgotten organ",the human microbiome,comprises a community of microorganisms that colonizes various sites of the human body.Through coevolution of bacteria,archaea and fungi with the human host over thousands of years,a complex host-microbiome relationship emerged in which many functions,including metabolism and immune responses,became codependent.This coupling becomes evident when disruption in the microbiome composition,termed dysbiosis,is mirrored by the development of pathologies in the host.Among the most serious consequences of dysbiosis,is the development of cancer.As many as 20% of total cancers worldwide are caused by a microbial agent.To date,a vast majority of microbiomecancer studies focus solely on the microbiome of the large intestine and the development of gastrointestinal cancers.Here,we will review the available evidence implicating microbiome involvement in the development and progression of non-gastrointestinal cancers,while distinguishing between viral and bacterial drivers of cancer,as well as "local" and "systemic","cancer-stimulating" and "cancer-suppressing" effects of the microbiome.Developing a system-wide approach to cancer-microbiome studies will be crucial in understanding how microbiome influences carcinogenesis,and may enable to employ microbiome-targeting approaches as part of cancer treatment.

预测克罗恩病患者对英夫利昔单抗原发无应答的nomogram模型:一项多中心研究

背景:英夫利昔单抗(IFX)治疗克罗恩病(CD)可诱导并维持临床缓解及黏膜愈合,但有9%40%的患者对IFX治疗原发无应答。本研究旨在建立并预测CD患者对IFX原发无应答的Nomogram模型。方法:2008年9月至2019年9月间在四家三甲医院接受IFX诱导治疗的343例CD患者纳入研究,并被随机分为训练队列(240例)和验证队列(103例)。主要结局指标是原发无应答,次要结局指标是黏膜愈合。基于训练队列,采用多因素逻辑回归分析建立Nomogram模型,通过曲线下面积(AUC)和校准曲线评估模型的预测价值,并采用决策曲线分析评估模型的临床实用性。结果:基于年龄、治疗2周时C反应蛋白水平、体质指数和非狭窄非穿透型(B1)病变四个独立预测因素,建立原发无应答的Nomogram预测模型,该模型在训练队列和验证队列的AUC分别为0.77和0.76。基于治疗前克罗恩病内镜严重度指数、治疗2周时C反应蛋白水平、B1型病变和病程四个独立预测因素,建立黏膜愈合的Nomogram预测模型,其在训练队列和验证队列的AUC分别为0.79和0.72。这两个Nomogram模型在训练队列和验证队列都显示出良好的拟合度,优于上述单个的预测因素以及文献报道的矩阵模型。决策曲线显示出了原发无应答Nomogram模型的临床实用性。结论:我们建立并验证了预测CD患者对IFX原发无应答和黏膜愈合的Nomogram模型,这种图像模型使用简单,并能为临床医生的治疗决策提供支持。