BACKGROUND Synchronous liver metastasis(SLM)is a significant contributor to morbidity in colorectal cancer(CRC).There are no effective predictive device integration algorithms to predict adverse SLM events during the ...BACKGROUND Synchronous liver metastasis(SLM)is a significant contributor to morbidity in colorectal cancer(CRC).There are no effective predictive device integration algorithms to predict adverse SLM events during the diagnosis of CRC.AIM To explore the risk factors for SLM in CRC and construct a visual prediction model based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)features collected from magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHODS Our study retrospectively enrolled 392 patients with CRC from Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 2015 to May 2023.Patients were randomly divided into a training and validation group(3:7).The clinical parameters and GLCM features extracted from MRI were included as candidate variables.The prediction model was constructed using a generalized linear regression model,random forest model(RFM),and artificial neural network model.Receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curves were used to evaluate the prediction model.RESULTS Among the 392 patients,48 had SLM(12.24%).We obtained fourteen GLCM imaging data for variable screening of SLM prediction models.Inverse difference,mean sum,sum entropy,sum variance,sum of squares,energy,and difference variance were listed as candidate variables,and the prediction efficiency(area under the curve)of the subsequent RFM in the training set and internal validation set was 0.917[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.866-0.968]and 0.09(95%CI:0.858-0.960),respectively.CONCLUSION A predictive model combining GLCM image features with machine learning can predict SLM in CRC.This model can assist clinicians in making timely and personalized clinical decisions.展开更多
In this paper,by using scalarization techniques and a minimax strategy,error bound results in terms of gap functions for a generalized mixed vector equilibrium problem are established,where the solutions for vector pr...In this paper,by using scalarization techniques and a minimax strategy,error bound results in terms of gap functions for a generalized mixed vector equilibrium problem are established,where the solutions for vector problems may be general sets under natural assumptions,but are not limited to singletons.The other essentially equivalent approach via a separation principle is analyzed.Special cases to the classical vector equilibrium problem and vector variational inequality are also discussed.展开更多
In this paper, we obtain the Painleve-Kuratowski Convergence of the efficient solution sets, the weak efficient solution sets and various proper efficient solution sets for the perturbed generalized system with a sequ...In this paper, we obtain the Painleve-Kuratowski Convergence of the efficient solution sets, the weak efficient solution sets and various proper efficient solution sets for the perturbed generalized system with a sequence of mappings converging in a real locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces.展开更多
The trace norm of matrices plays an important role in quantum information and quantum computing. How to quantify it in today’s noisy intermediate scale quantum(NISQ) devices is a crucial task for information processi...The trace norm of matrices plays an important role in quantum information and quantum computing. How to quantify it in today’s noisy intermediate scale quantum(NISQ) devices is a crucial task for information processing. In this paper, we present three variational quantum algorithms on NISQ devices to estimate the trace norms corresponding to different situations.Compared with the previous methods, our means greatly reduce the requirement for quantum resources. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.展开更多
In this paper, lexicographic vector equilibrium problems are investigated. By using the idea of sequential process, the upper semicontinuity and closedness of the solution set map are established for a parametric lexi...In this paper, lexicographic vector equilibrium problems are investigated. By using the idea of sequential process, the upper semicontinuity and closedness of the solution set map are established for a parametric lexicographic strong vector equilibrium problem.展开更多
As a new member of the carbon family,graphdiyne is an intrinsic semiconductor featuring a natural bandgap,which endues it potential for direct application in photoelectric devices.However,without cooperating with othe...As a new member of the carbon family,graphdiyne is an intrinsic semiconductor featuring a natural bandgap,which endues it potential for direct application in photoelectric devices.However,without cooperating with other active materials,conventional hexacetylene-benzene graphdiyne(HEB-GDY)shows poor performances in photocatalysis and photoelectric devices due to its non-ideal visible light absorption,low separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers and insufficient sites for hydrogen production.Herein,we report a molecular engineering strategy for the regulation of GDY-based carbon materials,by incorporating a strong pyrene absorption group into the matrix of graphdiyne,to obtain pyrenyl graphdiyne(Pyr-GDY)nanofibers through a modified Glaser-Hay coupling reaction of 1,3,6,8-tetraethynylpyrene(TEP)monomers.For comparison,phenyl graphdiyne(Phe-GDY)nanosheets were also constructed using 1,3,4,6-tetraethynylbenzene(TEB)as a monomer.Compared with Phe-GDY,Pyr-GDY exhibits a wider visible light absorption band,promoted efficiency of the charge separation/transport and more sufficient active sites for water reduction.As a result,Pyr-GDY alone displays superior photoelectrocatalytic performance for water splitting,giving a cathode photocurrent density of^138μA cm-2 at a potential of-0.1 Vversus normal hydrogen electrode(NHE)in neutral aqueous solution,which is almost ten and twelve times as high as those of Phe-GDY(14μA cm-2)and HEB-GDY(12μA cm-2),respectively.Such a performance is also superior to those of most reported carbonbased metal-free photocathode.The results of theoretical calculations reveal that the carbon atoms in the acetylene bonds are the active sites for proton reduction.This work offers a new strategy for the construction of graphdiyne-based metal-free photoelectrocatalysts with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the concept of second-order compound contingent epiderivative for set-valued maps and discuss its relationship to the second-order contingent epiderivative. Simultaneously, we also investig...In this paper, we introduce the concept of second-order compound contingent epiderivative for set-valued maps and discuss its relationship to the second-order contingent epiderivative. Simultaneously, we also investigate some special properties of the second-order compound contingent epiderivative. By virtue of the second-order compound contingent epiderivative, we establish some unified second-order sufficient and necessary optimality conditions for set-valued optimization problems. All results in this paper generalize the corresponding results in the literature.展开更多
In this paper, minimax theorems and saddle points for a class of vector-valued mappings f(x, y) = u(x) + β(x)v(y) are first investigated in the sense of lexicographic order, where u, v are two general vector...In this paper, minimax theorems and saddle points for a class of vector-valued mappings f(x, y) = u(x) + β(x)v(y) are first investigated in the sense of lexicographic order, where u, v are two general vector-valued mappings and β is a non-negative real-valued function. Then, by applying the existence theorem of lexicographic saddle point, we investigate a lexicographic equilibrium problem and establish an equivalent relationship between the lexicographic saddle point theorem and existence theorem of a lexicographic equilibrium problem for vector-valued mappings.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to investigate the continuity of solution mappings for para-metric set optimization problems with upper and lower set less order relations by scalarization methods.First,we recall some linear ...The aim of this paper is to investigate the continuity of solution mappings for para-metric set optimization problems with upper and lower set less order relations by scalarization methods.First,we recall some linear and nonlinear scalarization prop-erties used to characterize the set order relations.Subsequently,we introduce new monotonicity concepts of the set-valued mapping by linear and nonlinear scalarization methods.Finally,we obtain the semicontinuity and closedness of solution mappings for parametric set optimization problems(both convex and nonconvex cases)under the monotonicity assumption and other suitable conditions.The results achieved do not impose the continuity of the set-valued objective mapping,which are obviously different from the related ones in the literature.展开更多
Regarding the utilization of semiconductor nanocrystals(NCs)in photocatalysis,the significant challenge is to eliminate the hindrance of decorated surface ligands on the photocarrier transport while maintaining their ...Regarding the utilization of semiconductor nanocrystals(NCs)in photocatalysis,the significant challenge is to eliminate the hindrance of decorated surface ligands on the photocarrier transport while maintaining their overall stability.Herein,we report a novel and stable catalyst comprising CdS NCs and surfacebound mono-(6-mercapto-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin(HS-β-CD)molecules(denoted as CdS-CD),which could convert alcohols selectively into diols or aldehydes and H2 under visible light irradiation,with 100%atomutilization,using an aqueous medium as a green solvent.The decoratedβ-CD ligands did not only confer a good stability of CdS-CD in water but also showed a high host–guest affinity to the alcohol species,thereby,guaranteeing a close vicinity of alcohol molecules at the surface of CdS NCs and minimizing the hindrance of surface ligands on the photocarrier transport.As a result,the CdS-CD displayed much improved photocatalytic activity for the conversion of alcohols in aqueous media,compared with those of CdS-BF_(4)NCs.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Synchronous liver metastasis(SLM)is a significant contributor to morbidity in colorectal cancer(CRC).There are no effective predictive device integration algorithms to predict adverse SLM events during the diagnosis of CRC.AIM To explore the risk factors for SLM in CRC and construct a visual prediction model based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM)features collected from magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).METHODS Our study retrospectively enrolled 392 patients with CRC from Yichang Central People’s Hospital from January 2015 to May 2023.Patients were randomly divided into a training and validation group(3:7).The clinical parameters and GLCM features extracted from MRI were included as candidate variables.The prediction model was constructed using a generalized linear regression model,random forest model(RFM),and artificial neural network model.Receiver operating characteristic curves and decision curves were used to evaluate the prediction model.RESULTS Among the 392 patients,48 had SLM(12.24%).We obtained fourteen GLCM imaging data for variable screening of SLM prediction models.Inverse difference,mean sum,sum entropy,sum variance,sum of squares,energy,and difference variance were listed as candidate variables,and the prediction efficiency(area under the curve)of the subsequent RFM in the training set and internal validation set was 0.917[95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.866-0.968]and 0.09(95%CI:0.858-0.960),respectively.CONCLUSION A predictive model combining GLCM image features with machine learning can predict SLM in CRC.This model can assist clinicians in making timely and personalized clinical decisions.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11301567 and 11571055)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.106112015CDJXY100002).
文摘In this paper,by using scalarization techniques and a minimax strategy,error bound results in terms of gap functions for a generalized mixed vector equilibrium problem are established,where the solutions for vector problems may be general sets under natural assumptions,but are not limited to singletons.The other essentially equivalent approach via a separation principle is analyzed.Special cases to the classical vector equilibrium problem and vector variational inequality are also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10871216 and 11171362)
文摘In this paper, we obtain the Painleve-Kuratowski Convergence of the efficient solution sets, the weak efficient solution sets and various proper efficient solution sets for the perturbed generalized system with a sequence of mappings converging in a real locally convex Hausdorff topological vector spaces.
文摘The trace norm of matrices plays an important role in quantum information and quantum computing. How to quantify it in today’s noisy intermediate scale quantum(NISQ) devices is a crucial task for information processing. In this paper, we present three variational quantum algorithms on NISQ devices to estimate the trace norms corresponding to different situations.Compared with the previous methods, our means greatly reduce the requirement for quantum resources. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.
基金Supported in part by Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant numbers:KJ1501503 and KJ1601102)Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology(Grant numbers:cstc2016jcyjA0270 and cstc2016jcyjA0141)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:11301418)the Foundation for High-level Talents of Chongqing University of Art and Sciences(Grant number:R2016SC13)
文摘In this paper, lexicographic vector equilibrium problems are investigated. By using the idea of sequential process, the upper semicontinuity and closedness of the solution set map are established for a parametric lexicographic strong vector equilibrium problem.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0700104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21790052,21702146,21805207)111 Project of China(D17003)。
文摘As a new member of the carbon family,graphdiyne is an intrinsic semiconductor featuring a natural bandgap,which endues it potential for direct application in photoelectric devices.However,without cooperating with other active materials,conventional hexacetylene-benzene graphdiyne(HEB-GDY)shows poor performances in photocatalysis and photoelectric devices due to its non-ideal visible light absorption,low separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers and insufficient sites for hydrogen production.Herein,we report a molecular engineering strategy for the regulation of GDY-based carbon materials,by incorporating a strong pyrene absorption group into the matrix of graphdiyne,to obtain pyrenyl graphdiyne(Pyr-GDY)nanofibers through a modified Glaser-Hay coupling reaction of 1,3,6,8-tetraethynylpyrene(TEP)monomers.For comparison,phenyl graphdiyne(Phe-GDY)nanosheets were also constructed using 1,3,4,6-tetraethynylbenzene(TEB)as a monomer.Compared with Phe-GDY,Pyr-GDY exhibits a wider visible light absorption band,promoted efficiency of the charge separation/transport and more sufficient active sites for water reduction.As a result,Pyr-GDY alone displays superior photoelectrocatalytic performance for water splitting,giving a cathode photocurrent density of^138μA cm-2 at a potential of-0.1 Vversus normal hydrogen electrode(NHE)in neutral aqueous solution,which is almost ten and twelve times as high as those of Phe-GDY(14μA cm-2)and HEB-GDY(12μA cm-2),respectively.Such a performance is also superior to those of most reported carbonbased metal-free photocathode.The results of theoretical calculations reveal that the carbon atoms in the acetylene bonds are the active sites for proton reduction.This work offers a new strategy for the construction of graphdiyne-based metal-free photoelectrocatalysts with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11601437,11526165and 11571055the Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department under Grant No.2015JY0237the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.JBK160129
文摘In this paper, we introduce the concept of second-order compound contingent epiderivative for set-valued maps and discuss its relationship to the second-order contingent epiderivative. Simultaneously, we also investigate some special properties of the second-order compound contingent epiderivative. By virtue of the second-order compound contingent epiderivative, we establish some unified second-order sufficient and necessary optimality conditions for set-valued optimization problems. All results in this paper generalize the corresponding results in the literature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11171362,11571055)
文摘In this paper, minimax theorems and saddle points for a class of vector-valued mappings f(x, y) = u(x) + β(x)v(y) are first investigated in the sense of lexicographic order, where u, v are two general vector-valued mappings and β is a non-negative real-valued function. Then, by applying the existence theorem of lexicographic saddle point, we investigate a lexicographic equilibrium problem and establish an equivalent relationship between the lexicographic saddle point theorem and existence theorem of a lexicographic equilibrium problem for vector-valued mappings.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11301567 and 11571055)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.106112017CDJZRPY0020).
文摘The aim of this paper is to investigate the continuity of solution mappings for para-metric set optimization problems with upper and lower set less order relations by scalarization methods.First,we recall some linear and nonlinear scalarization prop-erties used to characterize the set order relations.Subsequently,we introduce new monotonicity concepts of the set-valued mapping by linear and nonlinear scalarization methods.Finally,we obtain the semicontinuity and closedness of solution mappings for parametric set optimization problems(both convex and nonconvex cases)under the monotonicity assumption and other suitable conditions.The results achieved do not impose the continuity of the set-valued objective mapping,which are obviously different from the related ones in the literature.
基金supported financially by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0700104),NSFC(21702146,21790052,and 21931007)111 Project of China(D17003)。
文摘Regarding the utilization of semiconductor nanocrystals(NCs)in photocatalysis,the significant challenge is to eliminate the hindrance of decorated surface ligands on the photocarrier transport while maintaining their overall stability.Herein,we report a novel and stable catalyst comprising CdS NCs and surfacebound mono-(6-mercapto-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin(HS-β-CD)molecules(denoted as CdS-CD),which could convert alcohols selectively into diols or aldehydes and H2 under visible light irradiation,with 100%atomutilization,using an aqueous medium as a green solvent.The decoratedβ-CD ligands did not only confer a good stability of CdS-CD in water but also showed a high host–guest affinity to the alcohol species,thereby,guaranteeing a close vicinity of alcohol molecules at the surface of CdS NCs and minimizing the hindrance of surface ligands on the photocarrier transport.As a result,the CdS-CD displayed much improved photocatalytic activity for the conversion of alcohols in aqueous media,compared with those of CdS-BF_(4)NCs.