Current Situation and Countermeasures for the Development of Ecological Circular Agriculture in Zhejiang Province

Based on the analysis of present situation of ecological circular agriculture development in Zhejiang Province, the problems of limited resources, backward technology and capital shortage were proposed, and the solutions were put forward to promote the construction of modem agriculture industry system and accelerate the change from the traditional agriculture model to ecological circular agriculture model, such as choosing suitable development models according to local conditions, promoting the construction of agricultural demonstration zones, improving ecological technology, and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of resources and farming system innovation.

Responses of soil microbial communities to manure and biochar in wheat cultivation of a rice-wheat rotation agroecosystem in East China

Soil contamination in agroecosystems remains a global environmental problem. Biochar has been suggested as an organic amendment to alleviate soil pollution, sequester carbon(C), and improve soil fertility. However, information on how bacterial and fungal communities in acidic bulk and rhizosphere soils respond to swine manure and its biochar is still lacking. In this study, biochar and swine manure were applied at two rates of 1.5 and 3 t ha-1in a rice-wheat rotation field to assess how soil characteristics, especially p H and chemical element availability, correlate to compositional variations of bacteria and fungi in bulk and rhizosphere soils. Our results showed that high rates of biochar and manure promoted the bacterial richness in bulk and rhizosphere soils by increasing soil pH and reducing soil arsenic(As) and copper(Cu) availability. Compared with soil As and Cu availability, soil p H had opposite effects on beta diversity of both the bacterial and fungal communities. Specifically, biochar and swine manure applications stimulated the bacterial classes Gemmatimonadetes, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria by increasing soil pH and decreasing soil available chemical elements. Opposite trends were observed in fungal communities responding to biochar and manure. For example, biochar restrained the fungal class Eurotiomycetes by decreasing soil As and Cu availability, but manure inhibited Leotiomycetes mainly because of an increase in soil pH and a decrease in soil dissolved organic C. These suggest that both bacterial and fungal communities respond significantly to biochar and manure amendments in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, possibly because of their sensitive adaptation to variations in soil environmental factors, such as pH level and chemical element availability.