Light-Induced Phonon-Mediated Magnetization in Monolayer MoS_(2)

Light-induced ultrafast spin dynamics in materials is of great importance for developments of spintronics and magnetic storage technology.Recent progresses include ultrafast demagnetization,magnetic switching,and magnetic phase transitions,while the ultrafast generation of magnetism is hardly achieved.Here,a strong lightinduced magnetization(up to 0.86μBper formula unit)is identified in non-magnetic monolayer molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)).With the state-of-the-art time-dependent density functional theory simulations,we demonstrate that the out-of-plane magnetization can be induced by circularly polarized laser,where chiral phonons play a vital role.The phonons strongly modulate spin-orbital interactions and promote electronic transitions between the two conduction band states,achieving an effective magnetic field~380 T.Our study provides important insights into the ultrafast magnetization and spin-phonon coupling dynamics,facilitating effective light-controlled valleytronics and magnetism.

Construction of a Metallacyclopentadiene Ring through the Attack of Carbanions to M≡C Bond Followed by C—H Activation

Metallacyclopentadienes are important metallacycles and regarded as intermediates in many reactions,therefore,new methods to achieve them are anticipated.In this study,a formal[3+2]method,through the reactions of an osmapentalyne with benzyl carbanions,was developed.The reactions underwent a nucleophilic attack of carbanions to the Os≡C bond,followed by C—H activation to form the five-membered osmacyclopentadiene ring.Most of the reactions were carried out at room temperature,the substituents on the aromatic rings of benzyl carbanions are diverse,and the resulting products contain an Os—H bond,representing a novel type of 10C-carbolong complexes.This work provides a new convenient route to construct metallacyclopentadienes,which is expected to further promote the development of such a type of substances.

Diagnostic approaches for monkeypox virus

Mpox(formerly Monkeypox)is a zoonotic infection caused by Monkeypox virus(MPXV).Since 2022,Mpox epidemics have occurred in many nonendemic countries and regions,leading the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency of international concern.With the persistent transmission and evolution of MPXV,symptoms of Mpox have become milder,with some infections being asymptomatic.In addition,MPXV has become more contagious.Therefore,rapid and accurate diagnosis and screening of MPXV is vital to prevent and control MPXV epidemics.Here,we review and summarize the technical details,application scenarios,and the advantages and disadvantages of MPXV‐specific diagnostic methods.

Selective Pb^(2+) removal and electrochemical regeneration of fresh and recycled FeOOH

Heavy metal pollution is a key environmental problem.Selectively extracting heavy metals could accomplish water purification and resource recycling simultaneously.Adsorption is a promising approach with a facile process,adaptability for the broad concentration of feed water,and high selectivity.However,the adsorption method faces challenges in synthesizing highperformance sorbents and regenerating adsorbents effectively.FeOOH is an environmentally friendly sorbent with low-cost production on a large scale.Nevertheless,the selectivity behavior and regeneration of FeOOH are seldom studied.Therefore,we investigated the selectivity of FeOOH in a mixed solution of Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),and Pb^(2+)and proposed to enhance the capacity of FeOOH and regenerate it by using external charges.Without charge,the FeOOH electrode shows a Pb^(2+)uptake capacity of 20 mg/g.After applying a voltage of-0.2/+0.8 V,the uptake capacity increases to a maximum of 42 mg/g and the desorption ratio is 70%-80%.In 35 cycles,FeOOH shows a superior selectivity towards Pb^(2+)compared with Co^(2+)and Ni^(2+),with a purity of 97%±3%in the extracts.The high selectivity is attributed to the lower activation energy for Pb^(2+)sorption.The capacity retentions at the 5^(th)and the 35^(th)cycles are ca.80%and ca.50%,respectively,comparable to the chemical regeneration method.With industrially exhausted granular ferric hydroxide as the electrode material,the system exhibits a Pb^(2+)uptake capacity of 37.4 mg/g with high selectivity.Our work demonstrates the feasibility of regenerating FeOOH by charge and provides a new approach for recycling and upcycling FeOOH sorbent.

Deep Learning‑Assisted Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping as a Tool for Grading and Molecular Subtyping of Gliomas

This study aimed to explore the value of deep learning(DL)-assisted quantitative susceptibility mapping(QSM)in glioma grading and molecular subtyping.Forty-two patients with gliomas,who underwent preoperative T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery(T2 FLAIR),contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging(T1WI+C),and QSM scanning at 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were included in this study.Histopathology and immunohistochemistry staining were used to determine glioma grades,and isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)1 and alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked gene(ATRX)subtypes.Tumor segmentation was performed manually using Insight Toolkit-SNAP program(www.itksnap.org).An inception convolutional neural network(CNN)with a subsequent linear layer was employed as the training encoder to capture multi-scale features from MRI slices.Fivefold cross-validation was utilized as the training strategy(seven samples for each fold),and the ratio of sample size of the training,validation,and test dataset was 4:1:1.The performance was evalu-ated by the accuracy and area under the curve(AUC).With the inception CNN,single modal of QSM showed better perfor-mance in differentiating glioblastomas(GBM)and other grade gliomas(OGG,grade II–III),and predicting IDH1 mutation and ATRX loss(accuracy:0.80,0.77,0.60)than either T2 FLAIR(0.69,0.57,0.54)or T1WI+C(0.74,0.57,0.46).When combining three modalities,compared with any single modality,the best AUC/accuracy/F1-scores were reached in grading gliomas(OGG and GBM:0.91/0.89/0.87,low-grade and high-grade gliomas:0.83/0.86/0.81),predicting IDH1 mutation(0.88/0.89/0.85),and predicting ATRX loss(0.78/0.71/0.67).As a supplement to conventional MRI,DL-assisted QSM is a promising molecular imaging method to evaluate glioma grades,IDH1 mutation,and ATRX loss.

水稻根系遗传育种研究进展

根系作为水稻(Oryza sativa)植株的重要组成部分,在水稻生长发育过程中发挥多种作用,包括植物的固定、水分和营养物质的获取以及氨基酸和激素的生物合成等,其形态结构和生理功能与水稻产量和稻米品质以及抗性等密切相关。目前,通过遗传及生化等诸多手段,已挖掘到较多水稻根系QTLs与控制基因。该文综述了水稻根系QTL和基因的研究进展,并对未来根系研究进行展望,以期为进一步克隆水稻根系基因和完善水稻理想株型模型提供参考。

藻际环境中胞外聚合物的研究进展

微藻向细胞周围释放营养物质而形成了独特的藻际微环境,吸引了大量细菌的定殖。藻际环境中藻菌关系错综复杂,其间充斥着多样的物质交换与信息交流。以胞外聚合物(extracellularpolymeric substances,EPS)为代表的有机质在其中起着纽带作用。微藻和细菌都可以产生EPS,其过程受多种因素的调节。EPS在藻际环境中具有重要的生态功能,包括参与生物被膜(biofilm)的形成,影响藻菌共生关系的建立以及调节藻际微生物群落组成等。此外,EPS中的一大类别透明胞外聚合物颗粒(transparent exopolymer particles,TEP)还介导了海洋溶解有机碳向颗粒有机碳的转化,参与了海洋碳循环过程。本文以EPS的产生、组成以及对碳转化的影响为重点,综述了其在藻际生态位(Niche)中的生态功能,以期为深入理解藻际环境中的有机质特征和藻菌共生关系提供理论依据。

Inhibition of lithium dendrites and dead lithium by an ionic liquid additive toward safe and stable lithium metal anodes

The uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites and accumulation of"dead lithium"upon cycling are among the main obstacles that hinder the widespread application of lithium metal anodes.Herein,an ionic liquid(IL)consisting of 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium cation(Pp_(13)^+) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion(FSI^(-)),was chosen as the additive in propylene carbonate(PC)-based liquid electrolytes to circumvent the shortcoming of lithium metal anodes.The optimal 1%Pp_(13) FSI acts as the role of electrostatic shielding,lithiophobic effect and participating in the formation of solid electrolyte interface(SEI)layer with enhanced properties.The in-situ optical microscopy records that the addition of IL can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites and the corrosion of lithium anode.This study delivers an effective modification to optimize electrolytes for stable lithium metal batteries.

Mediator complex subunit 12 is a gatekeeper of SARS-CoV-2 infection in breast cancer cells

Cancer patients are at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and mortality.Like other viruses in the SARS family,SARS-CoV-2 employs two host proteins,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)and transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),for viral entry.1 Recent studies showed that many of the host proteins identified as potential targets for developing COVID therapies are dysregulated in cancer,2 prompting us to investigate whether human cancer cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection,and whether chemotherapy could modulate a cancer patient's risk for infection.