Feature extraction of signals plays an important role in classification problems because of data dimension reduction property and potential improvement of a classification accuracy rate. Principal component analysis (...Feature extraction of signals plays an important role in classification problems because of data dimension reduction property and potential improvement of a classification accuracy rate. Principal component analysis (PCA), wavelets transform or Fourier transform methods are often used for feature extraction. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale PCA, which combines discrete wavelet transform, and PCA for feature extraction of signals in both the spatial and temporal domains. Our study shows that the multi-scale PCA combined with the proposed new classification methods leads to high classification accuracy for the considered signals.展开更多
Territory risk analysis has played an important role in the decision-making of auto insurance rate regulation.Due to the optimality of insurance loss data groupings,clustering methods become the natural choice for suc...Territory risk analysis has played an important role in the decision-making of auto insurance rate regulation.Due to the optimality of insurance loss data groupings,clustering methods become the natural choice for such territory risk classification.In this work,spatially constrained clustering is first applied to insurance loss data to form rating territories.The generalized linear model(GLM)and generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)are then proposed to derive the risk relativities of obtained clusters.Each basic rating unit within the same cluster,namely Forward Sortation Area(FSA),takes the same risk relativity value as its cluster.The obtained risk relativities from GLM or GLMM are used to calculate the performance metrics,including RMSE,MAD,and Gini coefficients.The spatially constrained clustering and the risk relativity estimate help obtain a set of territory risk benchmarks used in rate filings to guide the rate regulation process.展开更多
文摘Feature extraction of signals plays an important role in classification problems because of data dimension reduction property and potential improvement of a classification accuracy rate. Principal component analysis (PCA), wavelets transform or Fourier transform methods are often used for feature extraction. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale PCA, which combines discrete wavelet transform, and PCA for feature extraction of signals in both the spatial and temporal domains. Our study shows that the multi-scale PCA combined with the proposed new classification methods leads to high classification accuracy for the considered signals.
文摘Territory risk analysis has played an important role in the decision-making of auto insurance rate regulation.Due to the optimality of insurance loss data groupings,clustering methods become the natural choice for such territory risk classification.In this work,spatially constrained clustering is first applied to insurance loss data to form rating territories.The generalized linear model(GLM)and generalized linear mixed model(GLMM)are then proposed to derive the risk relativities of obtained clusters.Each basic rating unit within the same cluster,namely Forward Sortation Area(FSA),takes the same risk relativity value as its cluster.The obtained risk relativities from GLM or GLMM are used to calculate the performance metrics,including RMSE,MAD,and Gini coefficients.The spatially constrained clustering and the risk relativity estimate help obtain a set of territory risk benchmarks used in rate filings to guide the rate regulation process.
