Ultrasonic Fatigue of Ti₄₀Zr₁₀Cu₃₄Pd₁₄Sn₂Glassy Alloy

In this work, ultrasonic fatigue behavior of the Ti40Zr10Cu34Pd14Sn2 glassy alloy was investigated at 20 kHz at a stress ratio of R = -1. The number of cycles to failure in the S-N curve obtained in this work did not decrease again even after 107 - 108 cycles unlike previous findings for some steels. The fatigue endurance limit and the fatigue rate were σW = 762 MPa and σW/σB = 0.37, respectively. Fish-eye type inertial crack initiation, reported in many papers on giga-cycle fatigue testing, was not observed. A tendency for the fatigue strength of the Ti40Zr10Cu34Pd14Sn2 glassy alloy specimens to be divided into two groups was observed, that is, specimens with a short fatigue lifetime (6 cycles) with distinct cast defects as crack initiation sites and the other specimens with a long fatigue lifetime (>106 cycles). This may have been caused by accidental nucleation of micro-defects such as impurities, voids and precipitates in the glassy rod specimens during the casting.

Rapid Ferroelectric‑Photoexcited Bacteria‑Killing of Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) Nanofiber Membranes

In this study,an antibacterial nanofiber membrane[polyvinylidene fluoride/Bi_(4)Ti_(3)O_(12)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(PVDF/BTO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))]is fabricated using an electrostatic spinning process,in which the self-assembled BTO/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) heterojunction is incorporated into the PVDF matrix.Benefiting from the internal electric field induced by the spontaneously ferroelectric polarization of BTO,the photoexcited electrons and holes are driven to move in the opposite direction inside BTO,and the electrons are transferred to Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) across the Schottky interface.Thus,directed charge separation and transfer are realized through the cooperation of the two components.The recombination of electron–hole pairs is maximumly inhibited,which notably improves the yield of reactive oxygen species by enhancing photocatalytic activity.Furthermore,the nanofiber membrane with an optimal doping ratio exhibits outstanding visible light absorption and photothermal conversion performance.Ulti-mately,photothermal effect and ferroelectric polarization enhanced photocatalysis endow the nanofiber membrane with the ability to kill 99.61%±0.28%Staphylococcus aureus and 99.71%±0.16%Escherichia coli under 20 min of light irradiation.This study brings new insights into the design of intelligent antibacterial textiles through a ferroelectric polarization strategy.

Inflammation and Microbiota Regulation Potentiate Pneumonia Therapy by Biomimetic Bacteria and Macrophage Membrane Nanosystem

While conventional nanosystems can target infected lung tissue,they cannot achieve precise cellular targeting and enhanced therapy by modulating inflammation and microbiota for effective therapy.Here,we designed a nucleus-targeted nanosystem with adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and reactive oxygen species stimuli-response to treat pneumonia coinfected with bacteria and virus that is enhanced through inflammation and microbiota regulation.The nucleus-targeted biomimetic nanosystem was prepared through the combined bacteria-macrophage membrane and loaded hypericin and ATP-responsive dibenzyl oxalate(MMHP)subsequently.The MMHP despoiled the Mg^(2+)of intracellular cytoplasm in bacteria to achieve an effective bactericidal performance.Meanwhile,MMHP can target the cell nucleus and inhibit the H1N1 virus duplication by inhibiting the activity of nucleoprotein.MMHP possessed an immunomodulatory ability to reduce the inflammatory response and activate CD8^(+)T cells for assisted infection elimination.During the mice model,the MMHP effectively treated pneumonia coinfected with Staphylococcus aureus and H1N1 virus.Meanwhile,MMHP mediated the composition of gut microbiota to enhance the pneumonia therapy.Therefore,the dual stimuli-responsive MMHP possessed promising clinical translational potential to therapy infectious pneumonia.

Ce and Er Co-doped TiO2 for rapid bacteria- killing using visible light

Bacterial infection and related diseases are threatening the health of human beings.Photocatalytic disinfection as a simple and low-cost disinfection strategy is attracting more and more attention.In this work,TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs)were modified by co-doping of Ce and Er using the sol-gel method,which endowed TiO2 NPs with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance but not pure ultraviolet photocatalytic properties compared the untreated TiO2.Our results disclosed that as the doping content of Er increased,the photocatalytic activity of modified TiO2 NPs initially increased and subsequently decreased.The same trend occurred for Ce doping.When the doping dose of Er and Ce is 0.5 mol%and 0.2 mol%,the 0.5Ce0.2Ti-O calcined at 800℃ presented the best antibacterial properties,with the antibacterial efficiency of 91.23%and 92.8%for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,respectively.The existence of Er ions is thought to successfully turn the near-infrared radiation into visible region,which is easier to be absorbed by TiO2 NPs.Meanwhile,the addition of Ce ions can effectively extend spectral response range and inhibit the recombination of electrons and holes,enhancing the photocatalytic disinfection activity of co-doped TiO2.

A Z-scheme heterojunction of ZnO/CDots/C_(3)N^(4) for strengthened photoresponsive bacteria-killing and acceleration of wound healing

The abuse of antibiotics is leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria.In this work,a drug-free composite of ZnO/CDots/g-C3N4 with Z-scheme heterojunction was developed,which was employed to kill bacteria effectively within a very short time under the irradiation of visible light due to the enhanced photocatalytic and photothermal effects.In this system,the CDots acted as a bridge between g-C3N4 and ZnO,effectively inhibiting the recombination of photo-generated electrons with holes and consequently enhancing the photocatalytic properties.In addition,CDots endowed the system with excellent photothermal effects.As a result,the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO/CDots/g-C3N4 composite against S.aureus and E.coli reached up to 99.97%and 99.99%respectively,after 15 min of visible light irradiation,due to the synergistic action of photo-inspired radical oxygen species and hyperthermia.The Zn ions released from the composite promoted the growth of fibroblasts,which accelerated the wound healing process.

Hierarchical Ni_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)through water splitting is a promising way to solve the energy shortage.Noble-metal-free HER electrocatalysts with high efficiency is very important for practical applications.Herein,we prepare the Ni_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)electrocatalyst on carbon cloth(CC)through a two-step hydrothermal process.The Ni_(3)S_(4)nanorods are uniformly integrated with the MoS_(2)nanosheets,forming a hierarchical structure and heterogeneous interfaces.The fast electron transfer on the interface enhances the kinetics of catalytic reaction.The hierarchical structure provides more exposed active sites.The Ni_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/CC exhibits good catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER.This work provided a practicable strategy to develop efficient electrocatalysts for HER in alkaline media.

Photo-controlled degradation of PLGA/Ti3C2 hybrid coating on Mg-Sr alloy using near infrared light

A PLGA/Ti_(3)C_(2) hybrid coating was successfully deposited on the surface of magnesium-strontium(Mg-Sr)alloys.Compared with the corrosion current density(icorr)of the Mg-Sr alloy(7.13×10^−5 A/cm^2),the modified samples(Mg/PLGA/Ti_(3)C_(2))was lower by approximately four orders of magnitude(7.65×10^−9 A/cm^2).After near infrared 808 nm laser irradiation,the icorr of the modified samples increased to 3.48×10^−7 A/cm^2.The mechanism is that the local hyperthermia induced the free volume expansion of PLGA,and the increase in intermolecular gap enhanced the penetration of electrolytes.Meanwhile,the cytotoxicity study showed that the hybrid coating endowed the Mg-Sr alloy with enhanced biocompatibility.

Simultaneously enhancing the photocatalytic and photothermal effect of NH_(2)-MIL-125-GO-Pt ternary heterojunction for rapid therapy of bacteria-infected wounds

Infections caused by bacteria threaten human health,so how to effectively kill bacteria is an urgent problem.We therefore synthesized a NH_(2)-MIL-125-GO-Pt ternary composite heterojunction with graphene oxide(GO)and platinum(Pt)nanoparticles co-doped with metal-organic framework(NH_(2)-MIL-125)for use in photocatalytic and photothermal synergistic disinfection under white light irradiation.Due to the good conductivity of GO and the Schottky junction between Pt and MOF,the doping of GO and Pt will effectively separate and transfer the photogenerated electron-hole pairs generated by NH_(2)-MIL-125,thereby effectively improving the photocatalytic efficiency of NH_(2)-MIL-125.Meanwhile,NH_(2)-MIL-125-GO-Pt has good photothermal effect under white light irradiation.Therefore,the NH_(2)-MIL-125-GO-Pt composite can be used for effective sterilization.The antibacterial efficiency of NH_(2)-MIL-125-GO-Pt against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were as high as 99.94%and 99.12%,respectively,within 20 min of white light irradiation.In vivo experiments showed that NH_(2)-MIL-125-GO-Pt could effectively kill bacteria and promote wound healing.This work brings new insights into the use of NH_(2)-MIL-125-based photocatalyst materials for rapid disinfection of environments with pathogenic microorganisms.

The enhanced photocatalytic sterilization of MOF-Based nanohybrid for rapid and portable therapy of bacteria-infected open wounds

Open wounds are prone to infection and difficult to heal,which even threatens the life of patients because bacterial infections can induce other lethal complications without prompt treatment.The commonly used antibiotics treatment for bacterial infections has been reported to cause globally bacterial resistance and even the occurrence of superbacteria.The highly effective and antibiotic-independent therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for treating various kinds of bacteria-infected diseases.In this work,we synthesized an eco-friendly nanohybrid material(ZnDMZ)consisting of a kind of biodegradable metal organic framework(MOF,ZIF-8)combined with Zn-doped MoS_(2)(Zn-MoS_(2))nanosheets,which exhibited great ability to kill bacteria and promote the healing of bacteria-infected wounds under 660 nm light irradiation.The underlying mechanism is that besides the local hyperthermia,the nanohybrid material exhibits enhanced photocatalytic performance than single component in it,i.e.,it can also be excited by 660 nm light to produce more oxygen radical species(ROS)due to the following factors.On one hand,the Zn doping can reduce the work function and the band gap of MoS_(2),which promotes the movement of photoexcited electrons to the surface of the material.On the other hand,the combination between Zn-MoS_(2) and MOF induces the formation of a built-in electric field due to their work function difference,thus accelerating the separation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs.Because of the synergy of photocatalytic effect,photothermal effect and the released Zn ions,the synthesized ZnDMZ possessed a highly effective antibacterial efficacy of 99.9%against Staphylococcus aureus under 660 nm light irradiation for 20 min without cytotoxicity.In vivo tests showed that this nanohybrid material promoted the wound healing due to the released Zn ions.This nanohybrid will be promising for rapid and portable treatment of bacteria-infected open wounds in pathogenic bacteria contaminated environments.

Ag_(3)PO_(4) decorated black urchin-like defective TiO_(2) for rapid and long-term bacteria-killing under visible light

Both phototherapy via photocatalysts and physical puncture by artificial nanostructures are promising substitutes for antibiotics when treating drug-resistant bacterial infectious diseases.However,the photodynamic therapeutic efficacy of photocatalysts is seriously restricted by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Meanwhile,the nanostructures of physical puncture are limited to two-dimensional(2D)platforms,and they cannot be fully used yet.Thus,this research developed a synergistic system of Ag_(3)PO_(4) nanoparticles(NPs),decorated with black urchin-like defective TiO_(2)(BU-TiO_(2-X)/Ag_(3)PO_(4)).These NPs had a decreased bandgap compared to BU-TiO_(2-X),and BU-TiO_(2)-X/Ag_(3)PO_(4)(3:1)exhibited the lowest bandgap and the highest separation efficiency for photogenerated electron-hole pairs.After combination with BU-TiO_(2-X),the photostability of Ag_(3)PO_(4) improved because the oxygen vacancy of BU-TiO_(2-X) retards the reduction of Ag^(+) in Ag_(3)PO_(4) into Ag^(0),thus reducing its toxicity.In addition,the nanospikes on the surface of BU-TiO_(2-X) can,from all directions,physically puncture bacterial cells,thus assisting the hybrid’s photodynamic therapeutic effects,alongside the small amount of Ag^(+) released from Ag_(3)PO_(4).This achieves synergy,endowing the hybrid with high antibacterial efficacy of 99.76±0.15%and 99.85±0.09%against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,respectively,after light irradiation for 20 min followed by darkness for 12 h.It is anticipated that these findings may bring new insight for developing synergistic treatment strategies against bacterial infectious diseases or pathogenic bacterial polluted environments.

Effect of atomic structure on preferential oxidation of alloys:amorphous versus crystalline Cu-Zr

The effect of structural order in the parent alloy substrate on the oxidation kinetics and oxide phase evolution was investigated for the thermal oxidation of amorphous Cu33at.%Zr67at.%and crystalline CuZr2 alloys of identical compositions in the temperature range of 200–250?C.It was found that,besides the strong preferential oxidation of Zr in both alloys,the lack of structural order in the amorphous Cu33at.%Zr67at.%alloy results in much slower oxidation kinetics,as well as in distinctly different microstructures of the oxide overgrowth and its Zr-depletion zone in the wake of the ZrO2 overlayer growth front.The experimental findings can be rationalized on the basis of the strikingly different atomic mobilities of Cu,Zr and dissolved O in the amorphous and crystalline alloys,which also results in different nucleation barriers for crystalline oxide nucleation.The thus obtained knowledge on the underlying oxidation mechanisms provides new and profound insights into the surface engineering of metallic alloys.

Eco-friendly and degradable red phosphorus nanoparticles for rapid microbial sterilization under visible light

Pathogens pose a serious challenge to environmental sanitation and a threat to public health.The frequent use of chemicals for sterilization in recent years has not only caused secondary damage to the environment but also increased pathogen resistance to drugs,which further threatens public health.To address this issue,the use of non-chemical antibacterial means has become a new trend for environmental disinfection.In this study,we developed red phosphorus nanoparticles(RPNPs),a safe and degradable photosensitive material with good photocatalytic and photothermal properties.The red phosphorus nanoparticles were prepared using a template method and ultrasonication.Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight for 20 min,the RPNPs exhibited an efficiency of 99.98%in killing Staphylococcus aureus due to their excellent photocatalytic and photothermal abilities.Transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed that the RPNPs exhibited degradability within eight weeks.Both the RPNPs and their degradation products were nontoxic to fibroblast cells.Therefore,such RPNPs are expected to be used as a new type of low-cost,efficient,degradable,biocompatible,and eco-friendly photosensitive material for environmental disinfection.

Surface photodynamic ion sterilization of ITO-Cu_(2)O/ZnO preventing touch infection

Pathogenic microbial infections are threatening the people’s health and even life.The most common channel of infections can be caused by skin contact,especially hand touching facilities such as touching screen.In this work,Cu_(2)O covered with ZnO nanofilm was prepared on the surface of indium tin oxide conductive glass by electrodeposition and the followed atomic layer deposition process.This composite coating had a light transmittance of 71.5%,which met the light transmission needs of touch screen device.Electron spin resonance spectra showed that composite materials can generate more reactive oxygen species(ROS)than a single component under solar light irradiation.This was because a p-n junction with a built-in electric field was formed at the interface after Cu_(2)O contacting with ZnO.In the process of photocatalysis,photogenerated electrons and holes migrated at the interface driven by the built-in electric field,which promoted the separation of carriers.The antibacterial rate against Staphylococcus aureus reached 92.5%after 3 min of light irradiation with simulated sunlight due to the synergy of ROS and Cu ions,Zn ions.Therefore,this work may provide a potential method for antibacterial application of preventing hand touch infections.

Self-supporting amorphous nanoporous NiFeCoP electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting

The design of cost-effective and earth-abundant bifunctional electrocatalysts for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is important for water splitting as an advanced renewable energy transformation system.In this work,the self-supporting amorphous Ni Fe Co P catalyst with nanoporous structure via a facile electrochemical dealloying method is reported.Benefiting from the bicontinuous nanostructure,disordered atomic arrangement,abundant active sites and synergic effect of various transition metals,the as-prepared nanoporous NiFeCoP(np-NiFeCoP)catalyst exhibits good electrocatalytic activity,which achieves the current densities of 10 mA cm^(-2) at low overpotentials of 244 mV and 105 mV for OER and HER in 1.0 M KOH,respectively.In addition,the bifunctional electrocatalyst also shows outstanding and durable electrocatalytic activity in water splitting with a small voltage of 1.62 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in a two-electrode electrolyzer system.The present work would provide a feasible strategy to explore the efficient and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting.

Photothermy-strengthened photocatalytic activity of polydopamine-modified metal-organic frameworks for rapid therapy of bacteria-infected wounds

Herein,a metal-organic framework(MOF)was modified using polydopamine(PDA)to develop the MOFPDA as a photoresponsive bacteria-killing agent under 660 nm light irradiation.The modification using PDA led to the production of not only more heat,but also much more~1O_(2).This is because the PDA could interact with the porphyrin ring of the MOF throughπ-πinteraction and the charge transfer between PDA and the MOFs decreases the ene rgy of the band of hybrid nanoparticles.In addition,greater levels of hyperthermia induced by PDA modification accelerated the charge trans fe r,which significantly strengthened the photocatalytic perfo rmance of MO F-PDA.Furthermore,after modification,the light abso rbance and water dispersibility of nanoparticles were both enhanced;both are important for the improvement of photocatalytic and photothermal properties.Consequently,MOF-PDA exhibited the highly effective antibacterial efficacy of 99.62%and 99.97%against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,respectively,under 20 min 660 nm light irradiation.

双相纳米结构化可实现纳米多孔金属的优异柔性与综合力学性能

纳米多孔金属的力学性能对其在柔性电子领域的应用具有重要意义.本文报道了一种高强度、高硬度、柔韧性好的纳米多孔Cu@Zr-Cu-Al金属玻璃(NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG)复合材料,该材料采用两步脱合金法合成.首先,从Cu_(46)Zr_(23.5)Y_(23.5)Al_(7)合金的伪二元MG体系(Zr_(47)Cu_(46)Al_(7)MG+Y_(47)Cu_(46)Al_(7)MG)中选择性蚀刻活性富Y的MG相,制备了柔性纳米多孔Zr-Cu-Al金属玻璃(NP Zr-Cu-Al MG).进一步蚀刻得到NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG,其中Cu层均匀地覆盖在MG韧带基体上.由于NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG的无裂纹结构和柔性Zr-Cu-Al MG的存在,使其具有良好的柔性.NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG的抗拉强度高达143.9 MPa,纳米硬度高达0.79 GPa.Zr-Cu-Al MG强化相抑制了Cu@Zr-Cu-Al韧带的断裂,有效抑制了裂纹在NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG中的萌生和扩展,提高了复合材料的综合力学性能.NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG可直接用作超级电容器和葡萄糖生物传感器的电极,比纯NP Zr-Cu-Al MG电极展现出更好的电导率和超电容容量.

Understanding the macroscopical flexibility/fragility of nanoporous Ag:Depending on network connectivity and micro-defects

The effective engineering applications of nanoporous metals(NPMs)in flexible energy storage and wearable healthcare biosensor monitoring require its uniform ligaments network,specifically crack-free and flexible monolithic bodies.However,the macroscopic fragility of NPMs restricts their applications in wearable electronics fields.Here we focus on the synthetization of highly flexible NPMs.The effects of structural factors,e.g.ligament-network connectivity and micro-cracks on the mechanical properties of nanoporous Ag(np Ag)are investigated.The well-interconnected np Ag metal exhibits higher tensile strength,nanohardness and Vickers hardness than those for the ill-interconnected np Ag metal.The quality of the network connectivity dominates the strength and hardness of the np Ag.The flexibility/fragility is determined by the micro-crack in np Ag.The crack-free np Ag exhibits good flexible behavior.When micro-cracks are introduced,the np Ag becomes fragile.The control of soft volume shrinkage rate(Vsr)and slow surface diffusivity(Ds)effectively suppresses the crack initiation and propagation of as-formed np Ag.These results provide useful insights to synthesize more flexible and crack-free NPM materials for effective use in public wearable electronics and diverse flexible engineering applications in the future.

Modulate the superficial structure of La_(2)Ce_(2)O_(7) catalyst with anchoring CuO_(x) species for the selective catalytic oxidation of NH_(3)

Air contamination caused by the ammonia slip phenomenon has gradually captured the researcher’s extensive attention.An effective strategy for controlling fugitive NH_(2)is critical to improving the air quality and living environment.In the present work,CuO_(x)/La_(2)Ce_(2)O_(7)composite as a potential candidate catalyst is synthesized through the electrostatic adsorption method for the selective catalytic oxidation(SCO_(2))of NH_(2)to N.The 5%Cu Ox/La_(2)Ce_(2)O_(7)exhibits the best catalytic activity(T=243℃)and ammonia conversion efficiency.The improvement of performance is mainly attributed to the superficial connection of[Ce-O-Cu],which enhances the capturing ability of ammonia molecule and accelerates the dissociating efficiency of N–H bonding for Nevolution,simultaneously.This work provides a facile method to synthesis pyrochlore-like composite catalyst of NH_(2)-SCO_(2) for solving the problem of ammonia slip pollution in the future.

Using tea nanoclusters asβ-lactamase inhibitors to cure multidrug-resistant bacterial pneumonia:A promising therapeutic strategy by Chinese materioherbology

β-lactamase,a kind of hydrolase in multi-drug resistant pathogens,can hydrolyzeβ-lactam antibiotics and make these kinds of antibiotics invalid.Small-molecular inhibitors about the enzyme and their mechanism are widely investigated but they may result in unavoidable adverse reactions and drug-resistance.Herein,we propose a new therapeutic strategy of Chinese materioherbology,in which herbal medicine or traditional Chinese medicinal herbs can be employed as biological functional materials or refreshed/excited by means of materialogy.Nat-ural tea nanoclusters(TNCs)were extracted from tea to inhibitβ-lactamase.Different from the mechanism of small-molecular inhibitors inhibiting enzymes by binding to the corresponding active sites,the TNCs as a cap cover the protein pocket and create a spatial barrier between the active sites and antibiotics,which was named“capping-pocket”effect.TNCs were combined with amoxicillin sodium(Amo)to treat the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)pneumonia in mice.This combinatorial therapy remarkably outperforms antibiotic monotherapy in reducing MRSA infections and the associated inflammation in mice.The therapeutic strategy exhibited excellent biosafety,without any side effects,even in piglets.Hence,TNCs have great clinical value in potentiatingβ-lactam antibiotic activity for combatting multi-drug resistant pathogen infections and the"pocket capping"effect can guide the design of new enzyme inhibitors in near future.

Facile synthesis of defected TiO_(2-x)(B) nanosheet/graphene oxide hybrids with high photocatalytic H_(2) activity

TiO_(2)(B) nanosheets/GO(graphene oxide) hybrids are considered to be outstanding performance photocatalysts for high efficiency of H_(2) evolution. However, they still suffer severe challenges during the synthetic processes, such as a large amount of the capping agents adhering on the surface and easy occurrence of aggregation. To figure out these obstacles, Ar plasma treatment as a modified method in this study not only enable the TiO_(2)(B) nanosheets distributed uniformly on the GO sheets but also engineer defects within TiO_(2)(B) nanosheets to significantly improve the photocatalytic activity for the water splitting. The hydrogen evolution rate of the TiO_(2)-x(B)/GO sheets is 1.4 times higher compared with that of original TiO_(2)(B)/GO sheets without Ar plasma treatment. The improved photocatalytic properties were owing to the synergetic effects of oxygen vacancies and the heterojunction between GO and TiO_(2)(B), which can promote the visible light utilization and accelerate separation and transportation of photogenerated electron-holes. This study can provide a facile pathway to prepare the two-dimensional hybrid photocatalysts with high photocatalytic H_(2) activity.