Comparative Analysis of Protein Expression Concomitant with DNA Methyltransferase 3A Depletion in a Melanoma Cell Line

DNA methyltransferase 3A (Dnmt3a), a de novo methyltransferase, has attracted a great deal of attention for its important role played in tumorigenesis. We have previously demonstrated that melanoma is unable to grow in-vivo in conditions of Dnmt3a depletion in a mouse model. In this study, we cultured the Dnmt3a depletion B16 melanoma (Dnmt3a-D) cell line to conduct a comparative analysis of protein expression con-comitant with Dnmt3a depletion in a melanoma cell line. After two-dimensional separation, by gel electro-phoresis and liquid chromatography, combined with mass spectrometry analysis (1DE-LC-MS/MS), the re-sults demonstrated that 467 proteins were up-regulated and 535 proteins were down-regulated in the Dnmt3a-D cell line compared to the negative control (NC) cell line. The Genome Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway were used to further analyze the altered proteins. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the MAPK signaling pathway exhibited a greater alteration in proteins, an interesting finding due to the close relation-ship with tumorigenesis. The results strongly suggested that Dnmt3a potentially controls the process of tu-morigenesis through the regulation of the proteins (JNK1, p38α, ERK1, ERK2, and BRAF) involved in tu-mor-related pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway and melanoma pathway.

Magnitude,direction,and drivers of rhizosphere effect on soil nitrogen and phosphorus in global agroecosystem

The rhizosphere is the most active soil area for material transformation and energy flow of soil,root,and microorganism,which plays an important role in soil biochemical cycling.Although the rhizospheric nitrogen(N)and phosphorous(P)were easily disturbed in the agroecosystem,the effects of rhizosphere on the dynamics of soil N and P cycling have not yet been systematically quantified globally.We summarized the magnitude,direction,and driving forces of rhizosphere effects on agroecosystem's N and P dynamics by 1063 observations and 15 variables from 122 literature.Rhizosphere effects increased available N(AN,9%),available P(AP,11%),and total P(TP,5%),and decreased nitrate N(NO_(3)-N,18%)and ammonia N(NH_(4)-N,16%).The effect of rhizosphere on total N(TN)was not significant.These effects improved AN in tropical(12%)and subtropical(14%)regions.The effect of rhizosphere on TP was greater under subtropical conditions than in other climates.The most substantial effects of the rhizosphere on TP and AP were observed under humid conditions.Rhizosphere effects increased AN and AP in vegetables more than in other crop systems.Application of N>30o kg ha^(-1) had the most significant and positive rhizosphere effects on TN and AN.P application of 100-150 kg ha^(-1) had the greatest rhizosphere effects on TP and AP.These effects also improved the microbial(biomass N and P)and enzymatic aspects(urease,acid phosphatase,and alkaline phosphatase)of soil P and N cycling.Structural equation modeling suggested that aridity indices,fertilizer application rate,soil pH,microbial biomass,and soil enzymes strongly influence the magnitude and direction of the rhizosphere's effect on the P and N cycles.Overall,these findings are critical for improving soil nutrient utilization efficiency and modeling nutrient cycling in the rhizosphereforagricultural systems.

Bionics-Inspired Structure Boosts Drag and Noise Reduction of Rotating Machinery

As a global concern,environmental protection and energy conservation have attracted significant attention.Due to the large carbon emission of electricity,promoting green and low-carbon transformation of the power industry via the synergistic development of clean energy sources is essential.Rotating machinery plays a crucial role in pumped storage,hydropower generation,and nuclear power generation.Inspired by bionics,non-smooth features of creatures in nature have been introduced into the structure design of efficient rotating machines.First,the concept and classification of bionics are described.Then,the representative applications of non-smooth surface bionic structures in rotating machineries are systematically and comprehensively reviewed,such as groove structure,pit structure,and other non-smooth surfaces.Finally,conclusions are drawn and future directions are presented.The effective design of a bionic structure contributes toward noise reduction,drag reduction and efficiency improvement of rotating machineries.Green and ecological rotating machinery will remarkably reduce energy consumption and contribute to the realization of the“double carbon”goal.