Concurrent implantation of intra-aortic balloon pumping with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improved survival of patients with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock

Background Extra-corporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO)and intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) are widely used in patients with severe circulatory failure. The decision to initiate ECMO and IABP on optimal occasion in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCS) remains controversial in the absence of guidelines.

Rapid three-dimensional phenotyping of congenital heart disease in mouse by micro-CT

Objective To establish three-dimensional phenotyping system for congenital heart disease in mouse and to lay a foundation for the study of phenotype identification and mechanism of congenital heart disease.Methods Twelve SPF C57BL/6 J wild type pregnant mice(8-10 week-old)were randomly divided into control group(n=6)and experimental group(n=6).

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients with desmoglein-2 variants are characterized by recessive inheritance and progressive heart failure:clinical and genetic features of a Chinese ARVC cohort

Background Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC)is an inherited primary cardiomyopathy characterized by myocardial degeneration with fibro-fatty replacement.Clinical and genetic features of ARVC were well identified in Caucasian cohorts,but seldom examined in Chinese cohort.Our aim is to examine the genetic factor,genotype-phenotype correlations,and inheritance patterns of ARVC in a Chinese cohort.

Cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation mediated by OSM in heart regeneration

Background Neonatal mouse heart can completely regenerate after amputating 15%of ventricular apex.However,the regenerative ability is lost by 7 day-post-birth.Cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is the only way of existing myocytes returning to cell cycle and initiating proliferation.Oncostatin M(OSM)was demonstrated to promote cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation after cardiac injury,while its role in heart regeneration has not been addressed.Modulating the progress of dedifferentiationproliferation through OSM may provide a clinical therapy for preventing further deterioration of patients with heart injury and restoring the lost myocardium.

Interpretation of the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022

The Chinese edition of the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2022 has been published.[1] We present herein an interpretation of this report.

Functional isolation,culture and cryopreservation of adult human primary cardiomyocytes

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death globally.Accurately modeling cardiac homeostasis,dysfunction,and drug response lies at the heart of cardiac research.Adult human primary cardiomyocytes(hPCMs)are a promising cellular model,but unstable isolation efficiency and quality,rapid cell death in culture,and unknown response to cryopreservation prevent them from becoming a reliable and flexible in vitro cardiac model.Combing the use of a reversible inhibitor of myosinⅡATPase,(-)-blebbistatin(Bleb),and multiple optimization steps of the isolation procedure,we achieved a 2.74-fold increase in cell viability over traditional methods,accompanied by better cellular morphology,minimally perturbed gene expression,intact electrophysiology,and normal neurohormonal signaling.Further optimization of culture conditions established a method that was capable of maintaining optimal cell viability,morphology,and mitochondrial respiration for at least 7 days.Most importantly,we successfully cryopreserved hPCMs,which were structurally,molecularly,and functionally intact after undergoing the freeze-thaw cycle.hPCMs demonstrated greater sensitivity towards a set of cardiotoxic drugs,compared to human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes(hiPSC-CMs).Further dissection of cardiomyocyte drug response at both the population and single-cell transcriptomic level revealed that hPCM responses were more pronouncedly enriched in cardiac function,whereas hiPSC-CMs responses reflected cardiac development.Together,we established a full set of methodologies for the efficient isolation and prolonged maintenance of functional primary adult human cardiomyocytes in vitro,unlocking their potential as a cellular model for cardiovascular research,drug discovery,and safety pharmacology.

Interpretation of the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021

The Chinese edition of the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2021 has been published.[1] We present herein an interpretation of this report.

SinoSCORE:a logistically derived additive prediction model for post-coronary artery bypass grafting in-hospital mortality in a Chinese population

This study aims to construct a logistically derived additive score for predicting in-hospital mortality risk in Chinese patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery(CABG).Data from 9839 consecutive CABG patients in 43 Chinese centers were collected between 2007 and 2008 from the Chinese Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Registry.This database was randomly divided into developmental and validation subsets(9:1).The data in the developmental dataset were used to develop the model using logistic regression.Calibration and discrimination characteristics were assessed using the validation dataset.Thresholds were defined for each model to distinguish different risk groups.After excluding 275 patients with incomplete information,the overall mortality rate of the remaining 9564 patients was 2.5%.The SinoSCORE model was constructed based on 11 variables:age,preoperative NYHA stageⅢorⅣ,chronic renal failure,extracardiac arteriopathy,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,preoperative atrial fibrillation or flutter(within 2 weeks),left ventricular ejection fraction,other elective surgery,combined valve procedures,preoperative critical state,and BMI.In the developmental dataset,calibration using a Hosmer-Lemeshow(HL)test was at P=0.44 and discrimination based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was 0.80.In the validation dataset,the HL test was at P=0.34 and the area under the ROC(AUC)was 0.78.A logistically derived additive model for predicting in-hospital mortality among Chinese patients undergoing CABG was developed based on the most up-to-date multi-center data from China.

Transplantation of murine neonatal cardiac macrophage improves adult cardiac repair

Heart regeneration is a promising strategy to prevent cardiac injury and protect against heart failure.^(1,2,3)Distinguishing from adult mammals,neonatal mouse heart can regenerate completely after cardiac injury,such as apical resection(AR)or myocardial infarction(MI).Our previous study reveals that acute inflammation is essential for initiation of neonatal mouse heart regeneration,4 providing an insight to understand the role of immune system in cardiac repair.Macrophage is a prominent inflammatory cell in injured heart during acute immune response;5 here we revealed that genetically deletion of CD11b-positive macrophages in CD11bDTR mice with diphtheria toxin(DT)administration led the suspense of neonatal heart regeneration after AR injury.We transplanted cardiac macrophages sorted from AR-injured neonatal mouse hearts into MI-injured adult mice and found that transfusion of neonatal mouse cardiac macrophages facilitated cardiac repair and enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation effectively,which served a potential intervention to improve prognosis of patients suffering cardiac diseases.

Interpretation of the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2020

The Chinese edition of the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2020 has been published.[1]We present herein an interpretation of this report.Factors influencing cardiovascular health Tobacco use About 1.9 million avoidable deaths from coronary heart disease(CHD)per year(approximately one-fifth of all CHD deaths globally)are attributable to tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke(SHS).An estimated 382,000 people died of CHD attributable to SHS exposure,representing 4.3%of all deaths from CHD.

Interpretation of Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2019

The Chinese edition of Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China 2019 have been published[1],and we present herein an interpretation of the report.Influencing factors on cardiovascular health Tobacco use The smoking prevalence among Chinese residents has shown a downward trend.According to the Chinese Adult Tobacco Survey in 2018,the current smoking prevalence among Chinese residents≥15years of age was 26.6%,which was higher in rural areas(28.9%)than in urban areas(25.1%),and the daily consumption by each smoker was 16.0 cigarettes on average.

CRISPR-CasRx knock-in mice for RNA degradation

The RNA editing tool CRISPR-CasRx has provided a platform for a range of transcriptome analysis tools and therapeutic approaches with its broad efficacy and high specificity.To enable the application of CasRx in vivo,we established a Credependent CasRx knock-in mouse.Using these mice,we specifically knocked down the expression of Meis1 and Hoxb13 in cardiomyocytes,which induced cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction.We also knocked down the lnc RNA Mhrt in cardiomyocytes with the CasRx knock-in mice,causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.In summary,we generated a Credependent CasRx knock-in mouse that can efficiently knock down coding gene and lnc RNA expression in specific somatic cells.This in vivo CRISPR-CasRx system is promising for gene function research and disease modeling.

Investigation on hydrodynamic lubrication of bearings in a left ventricular assisted device

Formations of clots were found inside the hydrodynamic bearings of the left ventricular assisted devices (LVADs) and caused tremendous risks to the long-term use of these devices. For the hydrodynamic bearings used in the LVAD, not only the lubrication status but also the motion of the blood cells in the bearing will take great effect on the performance of the device. Based on the analysis of the hydrodynamic pressures distribution and the flowing trajectory of red blood cells in the lubrication film, the bearing is designed in a region where enough hydrodynamic pressure is generated to float the rotor to reduce the wear, and the entrainment of red blood cells in the gap of the bearing can be prevented to avoid the formation of clots.

Summary of the 2022 Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China

Recent decades have seen the remarkable development of China in medical accessibility and quality index,and the application of a number of new advanced cardiovascular technologies benefits more patients.However,according to the Annual Report on Cardiovascular Health and Diseases in China published in this article,which was organized and summarized by National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases,there is still a huge population living with risk factors of cardiovascular diseases(CVD),and the morbidity and mortality of CVD are increasing.It is estimated that there are around 330 million patients suffering from CVD currently,including 245 million of hypertension,13 million of stroke,45.3 million of peripheral artery disease,11.39 million of coronary heart disease(CHD),8.9 million of heart failure,5 million of pulmonary heart disease,4.87 million of atrial fibrillation,2.5 million of rheumatic heart disease,and 2 million of congenital heart disease.Tobacco use,diet and nutrition factors,physical activity,overweight and obesity,and psychological factors are what affect cardiovascular health,while hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes,chronic kidney disease,metabolic syndrome,and air pollution are the risk factors for CVD.In this article,in addition to risk factors for CVD,we also report the epidemiological trends of CVD,including CHD,cerebrovascular disease,arrhythmias,valvular heart disease,congenital heart disease,cardiomyopathy,heart failure,pulmonary vascular disease and venous thromboembolism,and aortic and peripheral artery diseases,as well as the basic research and medical device development in CVD.In a word,China has entered a new stage of transforming from high-speed development focusing on scale growth to high-quality development emphasizing on strategic and key technological development to curb the trend of increasing incidence and mortality of CVD.