The development of aqueous Zn batteries is limited by parasitic water reactions,corrosion,and dendrite growth.To address these challenges,an inner Helmholtz plane(IHP)regulation method is proposed by employing low-cos...The development of aqueous Zn batteries is limited by parasitic water reactions,corrosion,and dendrite growth.To address these challenges,an inner Helmholtz plane(IHP)regulation method is proposed by employing low-cost,non-toxic maltitol as the electrolyte additive.The preferential adsorption behavior of maltitol can expel the water from the inner Helmholtz plane,and thus hinder the immediate contact between Zn metal and H_(2)O.Meanwhile,strong interaction between maltitol and H_(2)O molecules can restrain the activity of H_(2)O.Besides,the"IHP adsorption effect"along with the low LUMO energy level of maltitol-CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-)can promote the in-situ formation of an organic-inorganic complex solid electrolyte interface(SEI)layer.As a result,the hydrogen/oxygen evolution side reaction,corrosion,and dendrites issues are effectively suppressed,thereby leading to highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.The Zn‖I_(2)battery with hybrid electrolytes also demonstrates high electrochemical performance and ultralong cycling stability,showing a capacity retention of 75%over 20000 charge-discharge cycles at a large current density of 5 A g^(-1).In addition,the capacity of the device has almost no obvious decay over20000 cycles even at-30℃.This work offers a successful electrolyte regulation strategy via the IHP adsorption effect to design electrolytes for high-performance rechargeable Zn-ion batteries.展开更多
Quenching-induced phosphorus segregation to prior austenite grain boundaries in a 0.077 wt pct P-doped 2.25Cr-2Mo steel is examined using field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy （FEGSTEM）. A pho...Quenching-induced phosphorus segregation to prior austenite grain boundaries in a 0.077 wt pct P-doped 2.25Cr-2Mo steel is examined using field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy （FEGSTEM）. A phosphorus level of around 1.56 at. pct is observed for the water-quenched sample. In recognition of insufficiently high spatial resolution of the technique for grain boundary composition analysis, the measured results are corrected by an analytical convolution method. The corrected phosphorus segregation level may be up to about 4.7 at. pct. The quenchinginduced phosphorus segregation is nonequilibrium segregation and the migration of vacancy-phosphorus complexes plays an important role in the kinetic process. For such a reason, the mechanism for migration of the complexes is discussed in some detail.展开更多
High-density fine-grained Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite ceramics were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) in conjunction with high energy ball milling. The precursor powders were milled for 20 h, 40 h, and 60 h, res...High-density fine-grained Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite ceramics were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) in conjunction with high energy ball milling. The precursor powders were milled for 20 h, 40 h, and 60 h, respectively, and the milled powders were all sintered for 5 min at 900°C. All the samples exhibit a single spinel phase. With increasing of the ball milling time, the relative density of the samples increases (up to 97.7%), however, the grain size decreases (down to ~200 nm). At room temperature, the sample from the 40 h-milled powder has the best combination of saturation magnetization and coercivity (83 emu/g and 15 Oe). These outstanding magnetic properties may be associated with high density and uniform microstructure created by SPS on the basis of fine precursor powders produced by high-energy ball milling.展开更多
The xNi_(0.83)Co_(0.15)Cu_(0.02)Fe_(1.9)O_(4-δ)+PbZr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48)O_(3)(PZT)particulate magneto ferroelectric composites with x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and 0.6 mole fraction were prepared by conventional ceramic doub...The xNi_(0.83)Co_(0.15)Cu_(0.02)Fe_(1.9)O_(4-δ)+PbZr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48)O_(3)(PZT)particulate magneto ferroelectric composites with x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and 0.6 mole fraction were prepared by conventional ceramic double sintering method.The presence of two phases(perovskite structure of ferroelectric phase and spinal structure of ferromagnetic phase)was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.The magnetoelectric(ME)property of the particulate composites was determined at room temperature as a function of intensity of magnetic field.The temperature variation of the longitudinal modulus(L)and the internal friction(Q−1)of these particulate composites at 104.3 kHz was studied in the wide temperature range 30-420℃.The temperature variation of the longitudinal modulus in each composition of these particulate composites showed two abrupt minima.One minimum coincided with the ferroelectric-paraelectric Curie transition temperature(θE)and the other with the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic Curie transition temperature(θM).The internal friction measurement also showed two sharp peaks in each composition corresponding to those temperatures where the minima were noticed in the temperature variation of the longitudinal modulus behaviour.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52261160384)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(RCYX20221008092934093)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KJZD20230923114107014)the support from Testing Technology Center of Materials and Devices,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School。
文摘The development of aqueous Zn batteries is limited by parasitic water reactions,corrosion,and dendrite growth.To address these challenges,an inner Helmholtz plane(IHP)regulation method is proposed by employing low-cost,non-toxic maltitol as the electrolyte additive.The preferential adsorption behavior of maltitol can expel the water from the inner Helmholtz plane,and thus hinder the immediate contact between Zn metal and H_(2)O.Meanwhile,strong interaction between maltitol and H_(2)O molecules can restrain the activity of H_(2)O.Besides,the"IHP adsorption effect"along with the low LUMO energy level of maltitol-CF_(3)SO_(3)^(-)can promote the in-situ formation of an organic-inorganic complex solid electrolyte interface(SEI)layer.As a result,the hydrogen/oxygen evolution side reaction,corrosion,and dendrites issues are effectively suppressed,thereby leading to highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.The Zn‖I_(2)battery with hybrid electrolytes also demonstrates high electrochemical performance and ultralong cycling stability,showing a capacity retention of 75%over 20000 charge-discharge cycles at a large current density of 5 A g^(-1).In addition,the capacity of the device has almost no obvious decay over20000 cycles even at-30℃.This work offers a successful electrolyte regulation strategy via the IHP adsorption effect to design electrolytes for high-performance rechargeable Zn-ion batteries.
基金This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50331020.
文摘Quenching-induced phosphorus segregation to prior austenite grain boundaries in a 0.077 wt pct P-doped 2.25Cr-2Mo steel is examined using field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy （FEGSTEM）. A phosphorus level of around 1.56 at. pct is observed for the water-quenched sample. In recognition of insufficiently high spatial resolution of the technique for grain boundary composition analysis, the measured results are corrected by an analytical convolution method. The corrected phosphorus segregation level may be up to about 4.7 at. pct. The quenchinginduced phosphorus segregation is nonequilibrium segregation and the migration of vacancy-phosphorus complexes plays an important role in the kinetic process. For such a reason, the mechanism for migration of the complexes is discussed in some detail.
文摘High-density fine-grained Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite ceramics were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) in conjunction with high energy ball milling. The precursor powders were milled for 20 h, 40 h, and 60 h, respectively, and the milled powders were all sintered for 5 min at 900°C. All the samples exhibit a single spinel phase. With increasing of the ball milling time, the relative density of the samples increases (up to 97.7%), however, the grain size decreases (down to ~200 nm). At room temperature, the sample from the 40 h-milled powder has the best combination of saturation magnetization and coercivity (83 emu/g and 15 Oe). These outstanding magnetic properties may be associated with high density and uniform microstructure created by SPS on the basis of fine precursor powders produced by high-energy ball milling.
文摘The xNi_(0.83)Co_(0.15)Cu_(0.02)Fe_(1.9)O_(4-δ)+PbZr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48)O_(3)(PZT)particulate magneto ferroelectric composites with x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and 0.6 mole fraction were prepared by conventional ceramic double sintering method.The presence of two phases(perovskite structure of ferroelectric phase and spinal structure of ferromagnetic phase)was confirmed by X-ray diffraction.The magnetoelectric(ME)property of the particulate composites was determined at room temperature as a function of intensity of magnetic field.The temperature variation of the longitudinal modulus(L)and the internal friction(Q−1)of these particulate composites at 104.3 kHz was studied in the wide temperature range 30-420℃.The temperature variation of the longitudinal modulus in each composition of these particulate composites showed two abrupt minima.One minimum coincided with the ferroelectric-paraelectric Curie transition temperature(θE)and the other with the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic Curie transition temperature(θM).The internal friction measurement also showed two sharp peaks in each composition corresponding to those temperatures where the minima were noticed in the temperature variation of the longitudinal modulus behaviour.
