Ammonia is a vital component in the fertilizer and chemical industries, as well as serving as a significant carrier of renewable hydrogen energy. Compared with the industry’s principal technique, the Haber-Bosch meth...Ammonia is a vital component in the fertilizer and chemical industries, as well as serving as a significant carrier of renewable hydrogen energy. Compared with the industry’s principal technique, the Haber-Bosch method, for ammonia synthesis, electro/photocatalytic ammonia synthesis is increasingly recognized as a viable and eco-friendly alternative. This method enables distributed small-scale deployment and can be powered by sustainable renewable energy sources. However, the efficiency of electro/photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction is hindered by the challenges in activating the N≡N bond and nitrogen’s low solubility, thereby limiting its large-scale industrial applications. In this review, recent advancements in electro/photocatalytic nitrogen reduction are summarized, encompassing the complex reaction mechanisms, as well as the effective strategies for developing electro/photocatalytic catalysts and advanced reaction systems. Furthermore, the energy efficiency and economic analysis of electro/photocatalytic nitrogen fixation are deeply discussed. Finally, some unsolved challenges and potential opportunities are discussed for the future development of electro/photocatalytic ammonia synthesis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of China(Grant No.2020YFA0710000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22309152,22311530118,and 22109132)+5 种基金the Provincial Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan(Grant No.24SYSX0175)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Chengdu(Grant No.2021-GH02-00052-HZ)the Technology Innovation R&D Project of Chengdu(Grant No.2022-YF05-00978-SN)the Scientific Research Starting Project of SWPU(Grant No.2021QHZ028)Production-Education Integration Demonstration Project of Sichuan Province“Photovoltaic Industry Production-Education Integration Comprehensive Demonstration Base of Sichuan Province(Sichuan Financial Education[2022]No.106)”Research and Innovation Fund for Graduate Students of Southwest Petroleum University(No.2022KYCX115).
文摘Ammonia is a vital component in the fertilizer and chemical industries, as well as serving as a significant carrier of renewable hydrogen energy. Compared with the industry’s principal technique, the Haber-Bosch method, for ammonia synthesis, electro/photocatalytic ammonia synthesis is increasingly recognized as a viable and eco-friendly alternative. This method enables distributed small-scale deployment and can be powered by sustainable renewable energy sources. However, the efficiency of electro/photocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction is hindered by the challenges in activating the N≡N bond and nitrogen’s low solubility, thereby limiting its large-scale industrial applications. In this review, recent advancements in electro/photocatalytic nitrogen reduction are summarized, encompassing the complex reaction mechanisms, as well as the effective strategies for developing electro/photocatalytic catalysts and advanced reaction systems. Furthermore, the energy efficiency and economic analysis of electro/photocatalytic nitrogen fixation are deeply discussed. Finally, some unsolved challenges and potential opportunities are discussed for the future development of electro/photocatalytic ammonia synthesis.
