Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) has been mutating and evolving constantly since its emergence in the1980s, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the global swine industry. The vir...Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) has been mutating and evolving constantly since its emergence in the1980s, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the global swine industry. The virus has two genotypes, of which genotype 1 PRRSV(PRRSV 1) first broke out in Germany and mainly prevailed in Europe, which can be clustered into four subtypes based on the ORF5 sequence. Al-though few cases of PRRSV 1 have been reported in China, the prevention and control of PRRSV should not be ignored. The origin of PRRSV, ge-netic evolution and pathogenicity of PRRSV 1 were retrospectively analyzed, in order to provide valuable evidences for molecular epidemiology and immune prevention and control of PRRSV 1.展开更多
目的系统梳理国内外流行病学通识教育教学模式的效果评价研究,为流行病学通识教育发展和教学改革提供借鉴。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和中国知网、Sinomed、万方数据资源系统等中英文数据库,筛选出研究流行病学通识...目的系统梳理国内外流行病学通识教育教学模式的效果评价研究,为流行病学通识教育发展和教学改革提供借鉴。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和中国知网、Sinomed、万方数据资源系统等中英文数据库,筛选出研究流行病学通识教育不同教学模式的文献。采用叙述整合的方法将纳入文献归类,并评价教学效果,进行定性系统综述。结果共纳入45篇文献(中文28篇,英文17篇),涉及14种教学模式,包括联合教学模式、基于问题的学习模式(PBL)、项目设计模式、案例教学模式(CBL)和其他。除个别文献结果如项目设计、网络平台或翻转课堂模式外,其余创新教学模式的效果均优于传统教学模式。国内外文献教学模式分布存在差异,国外种类多样,多集中于联合模式和软件/网络平台教学;国内种类较国外更单一,运用最多的是联合教学模式和PBL模式,且对比不同教学模式的研究比国外少。结论流行病学通识教育还在早期摸索阶段,多种创新教学模式较传统模式的教学效果有所提高,鼓励根据教学目标和学生特点综合运用多种教学策略,将理论知识与实践运用结合,将流行病学通识性知识与跨专业知识结合,培养学以致用的复合型人才。展开更多
基金Supported by Youth Fund Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20201005)School-Enterprise Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry(2020kj021)。
文摘Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) has been mutating and evolving constantly since its emergence in the1980s, which has brought inestimable economic losses to the global swine industry. The virus has two genotypes, of which genotype 1 PRRSV(PRRSV 1) first broke out in Germany and mainly prevailed in Europe, which can be clustered into four subtypes based on the ORF5 sequence. Al-though few cases of PRRSV 1 have been reported in China, the prevention and control of PRRSV should not be ignored. The origin of PRRSV, ge-netic evolution and pathogenicity of PRRSV 1 were retrospectively analyzed, in order to provide valuable evidences for molecular epidemiology and immune prevention and control of PRRSV 1.
文摘目的系统梳理国内外流行病学通识教育教学模式的效果评价研究,为流行病学通识教育发展和教学改革提供借鉴。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和中国知网、Sinomed、万方数据资源系统等中英文数据库,筛选出研究流行病学通识教育不同教学模式的文献。采用叙述整合的方法将纳入文献归类,并评价教学效果,进行定性系统综述。结果共纳入45篇文献(中文28篇,英文17篇),涉及14种教学模式,包括联合教学模式、基于问题的学习模式(PBL)、项目设计模式、案例教学模式(CBL)和其他。除个别文献结果如项目设计、网络平台或翻转课堂模式外,其余创新教学模式的效果均优于传统教学模式。国内外文献教学模式分布存在差异,国外种类多样,多集中于联合模式和软件/网络平台教学;国内种类较国外更单一,运用最多的是联合教学模式和PBL模式,且对比不同教学模式的研究比国外少。结论流行病学通识教育还在早期摸索阶段,多种创新教学模式较传统模式的教学效果有所提高,鼓励根据教学目标和学生特点综合运用多种教学策略,将理论知识与实践运用结合,将流行病学通识性知识与跨专业知识结合,培养学以致用的复合型人才。