The emission lines of B,C,O and Fe in tokamak plasma are reported.The spectra are compared with those calculated by the CHIANTI code,which is based on the collisional-radiative models with a large amount of accurate a...The emission lines of B,C,O and Fe in tokamak plasma are reported.The spectra are compared with those calculated by the CHIANTI code,which is based on the collisional-radiative models with a large amount of accurate atomic data.General agreement is obtained between the results of experiment and computation.Most of the lines in the spectra are identified,and the relative number density ratios of B,C,O and Fe are determined.It is found that the processes of line formation in our experiment are similar to those in the stellar coronae.The line-averaged electron density of the tokamak plasma is measured by the HCN laser,indicating a good agreement with the theoretical prediction by the density-dependent line ratio of Fe XXI.展开更多
Objective:To summarize the clinical application patterns in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD by reviewing the clinical literatures on acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease(AD)published between January 2...Objective:To summarize the clinical application patterns in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD by reviewing the clinical literatures on acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease(AD)published between January 2009 and December 2019.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database(Wanfang),Chongqing VIP Database(CQVIP),Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database,PubMed Medical Data Retrieval Service System,Springer Database and Ovid Technologies(OVID)were retrieved to screen clinical studies of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to conduct quantitative,clustering and association analyses.Results:In acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD,the frequently used points were Baihui(GV 20),Zusanli(ST 36),Sishencong(EX-HN 1),Taixi(KI 3),Sanyinjiao(SP 6),and Neiguan(PC 6)in the descending order.Regarding meridians,the most frequently used one was the Governor Vessel,followed by the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang.From the perspective of body regions,the points in the head-face region and the lower-limb region had the highest frequencies,followed by the upper-limb,back and chest-abdomen regions.The point group,Baihui(GV 20)and Sishencong(EX-HN 1)-Neiguan(PC 6)-Sanyinjiao(SP 6),showed the most significant association,and the group winning the second place was Baihui(GV 20)and Sishencong(EX-HN 1)-Neiguan(PC 6)-Zusanli(ST 36).The clustering analysis showed that the commonly used point pairs included Zusanli(ST 36)-Sishencong(EX-HN 1)and Taixi(KI 3)-Sanyinjiao(SP 6),which were closely associated with Baihui(GV 20).By analyzing the three commonly used acupuncture-moxibustion methods,acupuncture plus medication was found achieving the best result in the total effective rate and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score,followed by monotherapy of electroacupuncture therapy,and these two methods were superior to acupuncture alone(P<0.05);the scores of MMSE,Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive section(ADAS-cog)and activity of daily living scale(ADL)showed significant improvements after treatment(all P<0.01).Conclusion:In the acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for AD,the main points are Baihui(GV 20),Sishencong(EX-HN 1),Neiguan(PC 6),Zusanli(ST 36),Sanyinjiao(SP 6)and Taixi(KI 3).Monotherapy of acupuncture has the highest frequency amongst the treatment methods,but its effective rate is lower than that of acupuncture plus medication and monotherapy of electroacupuncture.展开更多
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10821061,10876040,10925421 and 10734130the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No KJCX2-YW-T01the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2007CB815103.
文摘The emission lines of B,C,O and Fe in tokamak plasma are reported.The spectra are compared with those calculated by the CHIANTI code,which is based on the collisional-radiative models with a large amount of accurate atomic data.General agreement is obtained between the results of experiment and computation.Most of the lines in the spectra are identified,and the relative number density ratios of B,C,O and Fe are determined.It is found that the processes of line formation in our experiment are similar to those in the stellar coronae.The line-averaged electron density of the tokamak plasma is measured by the HCN laser,indicating a good agreement with the theoretical prediction by the density-dependent line ratio of Fe XXI.
文摘Objective:To summarize the clinical application patterns in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD by reviewing the clinical literatures on acupuncture-moxibustion for Alzheimer disease(AD)published between January 2009 and December 2019.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database(Wanfang),Chongqing VIP Database(CQVIP),Chinese Medicine Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Database,PubMed Medical Data Retrieval Service System,Springer Database and Ovid Technologies(OVID)were retrieved to screen clinical studies of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria to conduct quantitative,clustering and association analyses.Results:In acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of AD,the frequently used points were Baihui(GV 20),Zusanli(ST 36),Sishencong(EX-HN 1),Taixi(KI 3),Sanyinjiao(SP 6),and Neiguan(PC 6)in the descending order.Regarding meridians,the most frequently used one was the Governor Vessel,followed by the Stomach Meridian of Foot Yangming and Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang.From the perspective of body regions,the points in the head-face region and the lower-limb region had the highest frequencies,followed by the upper-limb,back and chest-abdomen regions.The point group,Baihui(GV 20)and Sishencong(EX-HN 1)-Neiguan(PC 6)-Sanyinjiao(SP 6),showed the most significant association,and the group winning the second place was Baihui(GV 20)and Sishencong(EX-HN 1)-Neiguan(PC 6)-Zusanli(ST 36).The clustering analysis showed that the commonly used point pairs included Zusanli(ST 36)-Sishencong(EX-HN 1)and Taixi(KI 3)-Sanyinjiao(SP 6),which were closely associated with Baihui(GV 20).By analyzing the three commonly used acupuncture-moxibustion methods,acupuncture plus medication was found achieving the best result in the total effective rate and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score,followed by monotherapy of electroacupuncture therapy,and these two methods were superior to acupuncture alone(P<0.05);the scores of MMSE,Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive section(ADAS-cog)and activity of daily living scale(ADL)showed significant improvements after treatment(all P<0.01).Conclusion:In the acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions for AD,the main points are Baihui(GV 20),Sishencong(EX-HN 1),Neiguan(PC 6),Zusanli(ST 36),Sanyinjiao(SP 6)and Taixi(KI 3).Monotherapy of acupuncture has the highest frequency amongst the treatment methods,but its effective rate is lower than that of acupuncture plus medication and monotherapy of electroacupuncture.
