Skatole,a strong fecal odor substance,is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal hindgut.It easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat quality.In this study,the effect of mulberr...Skatole,a strong fecal odor substance,is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal hindgut.It easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat quality.In this study,the effect of mulberry leaf supplementation on skatole in finishing pigs was studied.In a 35-day trial,20 finishing pigs(barrows and gilts)were fed with a basal diet or basal diet with 6%mulberry leaves.Growth performance of the pigs(n=10)was automatically recorded by a performance-testing feeder system and 8 pigs in each treatment were slaughtered and sampled for the remaining tests.Skatole and short-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC and gas chromatography,respectively.Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S r RNA gene sequencing.The metabolomics analysis of feces and serum was performed with UHPLC-MS/MS.The major cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes that catalyze skatole degradation in the liver were tested by using RT-PCR and Western blot.Effects of major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves on the CYP genes were verified in the hepatic cell line Hep G2 in an in vitro test(n=3).In finishing pigs,mulberry leaf supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05),but reduced skatole levels in feces,serum,and backfat(P<0.05),and increased acetic acid levels in feces(P=0.027).Mulberry leaf supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the skatole-producing bacteria Megasphaera and Olsenella(P<0.05).Indole-3acetic acid,the intermediate that is essential for skatole production,was significantly reduced in feces by mulberry leaf supplementation(P<0.05)and was positively correlated with skatole content in feces(P=0.004).In pigs treated with mulberry leaves,liver CYP1A1 expression was increased(P<0.05)and was negatively correlated with skatole content in backfat(P=0.045).The in vitro test demonstrated that mulberry leaf polyphenols and polysaccharides could directly stimulate CYP1A1 expression in hepatic cells.These findings suggest that mulberry leaf supplementation reduces skatole production and deposition in finishing pigs by regulating the gut microbiota and promoting skatole degradation in liver.展开更多
目的观察结直肠癌术后患者化疗前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化,评估患者免疫功能状态变化。方法纳入浙江省肿瘤医院2016年1～12月住院的结直肠癌根治术后Ⅱ～Ⅲ期患者74例,健康对照组为25例同期我院就诊的非恶性肿瘤患者,采用流式细胞术...目的观察结直肠癌术后患者化疗前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化,评估患者免疫功能状态变化。方法纳入浙江省肿瘤医院2016年1～12月住院的结直肠癌根治术后Ⅱ～Ⅲ期患者74例,健康对照组为25例同期我院就诊的非恶性肿瘤患者,采用流式细胞术分析辅助化疗第1、6、8周期前1 d外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例。结果结直肠癌根治术后患者外周血中CD3+(P=0.1532)、CD3+CD4+(P=0.1107)、CD3+CD8+(P=0.2576)T细胞与健康对照组比较无差异(P>0.05),而CD3+CD56+NKT细胞(P=0.0210)及CD3-CD56+NK细胞(P=0.0045)较健康对照者显著升高(P<0.05)。术后辅助化疗6周期前NK、NKT细胞比例均无显著变化,P>0.05。8周期前NKT细胞比例无显著变化(P>0.05),NK细胞比例仅轻度下降(19.10±4.63 vs 20.31±4.66,P=0.046)。结论结直肠癌根治术后患者NK及NKT细胞比例较健康人显著升高,且辅助化疗后表达率保持稳定。展开更多
文摘Skatole,a strong fecal odor substance,is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal hindgut.It easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat quality.In this study,the effect of mulberry leaf supplementation on skatole in finishing pigs was studied.In a 35-day trial,20 finishing pigs(barrows and gilts)were fed with a basal diet or basal diet with 6%mulberry leaves.Growth performance of the pigs(n=10)was automatically recorded by a performance-testing feeder system and 8 pigs in each treatment were slaughtered and sampled for the remaining tests.Skatole and short-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC and gas chromatography,respectively.Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S r RNA gene sequencing.The metabolomics analysis of feces and serum was performed with UHPLC-MS/MS.The major cytochrome P450(CYP)enzymes that catalyze skatole degradation in the liver were tested by using RT-PCR and Western blot.Effects of major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves on the CYP genes were verified in the hepatic cell line Hep G2 in an in vitro test(n=3).In finishing pigs,mulberry leaf supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05),but reduced skatole levels in feces,serum,and backfat(P<0.05),and increased acetic acid levels in feces(P=0.027).Mulberry leaf supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the skatole-producing bacteria Megasphaera and Olsenella(P<0.05).Indole-3acetic acid,the intermediate that is essential for skatole production,was significantly reduced in feces by mulberry leaf supplementation(P<0.05)and was positively correlated with skatole content in feces(P=0.004).In pigs treated with mulberry leaves,liver CYP1A1 expression was increased(P<0.05)and was negatively correlated with skatole content in backfat(P=0.045).The in vitro test demonstrated that mulberry leaf polyphenols and polysaccharides could directly stimulate CYP1A1 expression in hepatic cells.These findings suggest that mulberry leaf supplementation reduces skatole production and deposition in finishing pigs by regulating the gut microbiota and promoting skatole degradation in liver.
文摘目的观察结直肠癌术后患者化疗前后外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化,评估患者免疫功能状态变化。方法纳入浙江省肿瘤医院2016年1～12月住院的结直肠癌根治术后Ⅱ～Ⅲ期患者74例,健康对照组为25例同期我院就诊的非恶性肿瘤患者,采用流式细胞术分析辅助化疗第1、6、8周期前1 d外周血淋巴细胞亚群比例。结果结直肠癌根治术后患者外周血中CD3+(P=0.1532)、CD3+CD4+(P=0.1107)、CD3+CD8+(P=0.2576)T细胞与健康对照组比较无差异(P>0.05),而CD3+CD56+NKT细胞(P=0.0210)及CD3-CD56+NK细胞(P=0.0045)较健康对照者显著升高(P<0.05)。术后辅助化疗6周期前NK、NKT细胞比例均无显著变化,P>0.05。8周期前NKT细胞比例无显著变化(P>0.05),NK细胞比例仅轻度下降(19.10±4.63 vs 20.31±4.66,P=0.046)。结论结直肠癌根治术后患者NK及NKT细胞比例较健康人显著升高,且辅助化疗后表达率保持稳定。
