BACKGROUND There are many disputes about the definition,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of collision tumors.CASE SUMMARY We describe a rare patient with a collision tumor consisting of neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)and...BACKGROUND There are many disputes about the definition,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of collision tumors.CASE SUMMARY We describe a rare patient with a collision tumor consisting of neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.She received operation,concurrent chemoradiotherapy,and then two cycles of palliative chemotherapy.Follow-up at 12 mo after diagnosis showed that this patient experienced a complete response with no signs of recurrence or metastasis.A literature review of previous 26 cases diagnosed with collision tumor of NEC and SCC in the head and neck was also undertaken.CONCLUSION It is challenging to manage collision tumors because there are two morphologically and etiologically distinct tumors.Well-designed multimodality therapy including surgery and chemoradiotherapy might lead to a long survival in these patients.展开更多
Stratified air distribution(STRAD)systems have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their energy-saving potential and good indoor air quality performance.However,the evaluation indices used to optimize ...Stratified air distribution(STRAD)systems have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their energy-saving potential and good indoor air quality performance.However,the evaluation indices used to optimize STRAD systems and the normalization methods for weight calculation vary from one research to another.This study aims to investigate the impacts of evaluation indices on the optimal return vent height of a room cooled by an impinging jet ventilation system(one type of STRAD system).The effects of several widely used normalization methods(i.e.,vector normalization,sum normalization,min-max normalization,and no normalization)on indices weights are investigated.The evaluation indices are cooling coil load(Q_(coil)),energy-saving potential(ΔQ_(coil)),mean age of air(MAA),CO_(2) mass fraction,temperature difference between the head and ankles(ΔT_(0.1-1.1)),predicted mean vote(PMV),predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PPD),and draft rate(DR).The multi-criteria optimization method is the entropy-based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(E-TOPSIS).As a result,the min-max normalization method evens the weight of each index and results in unreasonable relative weights.Consequently,the raw matrix(i.e.,the normalization is omitted)is suggested for weight calculation.Among these indices,ΔT_(0.1-1.1) and PPD play critical roles.WithoutΔT_(0.1-1.1),the optimal return vent height changes from mid-level to near-floor,while without PPD,it changes to near-ceiling.Another important result is that the Q_(coil) plays the most trivial role,followed by MAA and DR.Therefore,the optimal return vent height is not determined by energy-saving performance but by performances of thermal comfort.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81802732.
文摘BACKGROUND There are many disputes about the definition,diagnosis,therapy,and prognosis of collision tumors.CASE SUMMARY We describe a rare patient with a collision tumor consisting of neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC)and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.She received operation,concurrent chemoradiotherapy,and then two cycles of palliative chemotherapy.Follow-up at 12 mo after diagnosis showed that this patient experienced a complete response with no signs of recurrence or metastasis.A literature review of previous 26 cases diagnosed with collision tumor of NEC and SCC in the head and neck was also undertaken.CONCLUSION It is challenging to manage collision tumors because there are two morphologically and etiologically distinct tumors.Well-designed multimodality therapy including surgery and chemoradiotherapy might lead to a long survival in these patients.
基金This research is supported by Teaching Development Grant(PJ#6000738)Strategic Research Grant(PJ#7005679),City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR.The authors thank Dr.Kobayashi from Osaka City University for his kindly sharing of experimental data.
文摘Stratified air distribution(STRAD)systems have been intensively investigated in recent decades for their energy-saving potential and good indoor air quality performance.However,the evaluation indices used to optimize STRAD systems and the normalization methods for weight calculation vary from one research to another.This study aims to investigate the impacts of evaluation indices on the optimal return vent height of a room cooled by an impinging jet ventilation system(one type of STRAD system).The effects of several widely used normalization methods(i.e.,vector normalization,sum normalization,min-max normalization,and no normalization)on indices weights are investigated.The evaluation indices are cooling coil load(Q_(coil)),energy-saving potential(ΔQ_(coil)),mean age of air(MAA),CO_(2) mass fraction,temperature difference between the head and ankles(ΔT_(0.1-1.1)),predicted mean vote(PMV),predicted percentage of dissatisfied(PPD),and draft rate(DR).The multi-criteria optimization method is the entropy-based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(E-TOPSIS).As a result,the min-max normalization method evens the weight of each index and results in unreasonable relative weights.Consequently,the raw matrix(i.e.,the normalization is omitted)is suggested for weight calculation.Among these indices,ΔT_(0.1-1.1) and PPD play critical roles.WithoutΔT_(0.1-1.1),the optimal return vent height changes from mid-level to near-floor,while without PPD,it changes to near-ceiling.Another important result is that the Q_(coil) plays the most trivial role,followed by MAA and DR.Therefore,the optimal return vent height is not determined by energy-saving performance but by performances of thermal comfort.
