MRI Features and Site-specific Factors of Ischemic Changes in White Matter： A Retrospective Study

Brain magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） of the elderly often reveals white matter changes （WMCs） with substantial variability across individuals. Our study was designed to explore MRI features and site-specific factors of ischemic WMCs. Clinical data of consecutive patients diagnosed with ischemic cerebral vascular disease who had undergone brain MRI were collected and analyzed. Multi-logistic regression analysis comparing patients with mild versus severe WMCs was performed to detect independent associations. Analyses of variance （ANOVAs） were used to detect regionally specific differences in lesions. We found that lesion distribution differed significantly across five cerebral areas, with lesions being predominant in the frontal lobe and parieto-occipital area. To explore WMCs risk factors, after adjusting for gender, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, only age （P〈0.01）, creatinine （P=0.01）, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） （P=0.01） and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） （P=0.03） were found to be independently associated with severe WMCs. Age （P〈0.001） was strongly associated with WMCs in the frontal lobe while hypertension was independently related to lesions in the basal ganglia （P=0.048） or infratentorial area （P=0.016）. In conclusion, MRI of WMCs showed that ischemic WMCs occurred mostly in the frontal lobe and parieto-occipital area. The infratentorial area was least affected by WMCs. Typically, age-related WMCs were observed in the frontal lobes, while hypertension-related WMCs tended to occur in the basal ganglia and infratentorial area.

Constructing core@shell structured photothermal nanosphere with thin carbon layer confined Co-Mn bimetals for pollutant degradation and solar interfacial water evaporation

Photothermal material applied in environmental governance has attracted growing attention.By combining the Stober method and dopamine-triggered coating strategy,Co-Mn precursor was in situ incorporated into the poly dopamine(PDA)layer over the surface of silica cores.Afterwards,a unique photothermal nanosphere with SiO_(2)core and thin carbon layer and dual Co-Mn oxides shell was allowed to form by sequential heat treatment in the inert atmosphere(SiO_(2)@CoMn/C).The bimetallic fraction of Co/Mn in the carbon layer and post-treatment calcination temperature was comprehensively tuned to optimize the peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation performance of the catalyst.The state of bimetallic species was studied including their physical distribution,chemical valence,and interplay by various characterizations.Impressively,Co oxides appear as dominant monodispersed nanoparticles(~10 nm),while Mn with cluster-like morphology is observed to uniformly distribute over thin-layer carbon and adhered to the surface of SiO_(2)nanospheres(~250 nm).The calcined temperature could tune the oxidized state of Co species,leading to the optimization of the catalytic performance of introduced dual metal species.As a result,this obtained optimal catalyst integrated the advantages of exposed bimetallic CoMn species and N-doped thin carbon to deliver excellent catalytic PMS activation performance and photothermal synergetic catalytic mineralization ability for diversiform pollutants.Further reactions condition controls and anion interference studies were conducted to identify the adaptability of the optimal catalyst.Moreover,the application of solar-driven interfacial water evaporation using optimal SiO_(2)@Co_3Mn_1/C-600 catalyst was explored,showing a high water evaporation rate of 1.48 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)and an efficiency of 95.2%,further revealing a comprehensive governance functionality of obtained material in the complex pollution condition.

Frequency-specific Alterations of Large-scale Functional Brain Networks in Patients with Alzheimer＇s Disease

Background：Previous studies have indicated that the cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） may be due to topological deteriorations of the brain network.However,whether the selection of a specific frequency band could impact the topological properties is still not clear.Our hypothesis is that the topological properties of AD patients are also frequency-specific.Methods：Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from l0 right-handed moderate AD patients （mean age：64.3 years; mean mini mental state examination [MMSE]：18.0） and 10 age and gender-matched healthy controls （mean age：63.6 years; mean MMSE：28.2） were enrolled in this study.The global efficiency,the clustering coefficient （CC）,the characteristic path length （CpL）,and ＂small-world＂ property were calculated in a wide range of thresholds and averaged within each group,at three different frequency bands （0.01-0.06 Hz,0.06-0.11 Hz,and 0.11-0.25 Hz）.Results：At lower-frequency bands （0.01-0.06 Hz,0.06-0.11 Hz）,the global efficiency,the CC and the ＂small-world＂ properties of AD patients decreased compared to controls.While at higher-frequency bands （0.11-0.25 Hz）,the CpL was much longer,and the ＂small-world＂ property was disrupted in AD,particularly at a higher threshold.The topological properties changed with different frequency bands,suggesting the existence of disrupted global and local functional organization associated with AD.Conclusions：This study demonstrates that the topological alterations of large-scale functional brain networks inAD patients are frequency dependent,thus providing fundamental support for optimal frequency selection in future related research.