BACKGROUND Endoscopy has rapidly developed in recent years and has enabled further investigation into the origin and features of intestinal tumors.The small size and concealed position of these tumors make it difficul...BACKGROUND Endoscopy has rapidly developed in recent years and has enabled further investigation into the origin and features of intestinal tumors.The small size and concealed position of these tumors make it difficult to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps and carcinoma in adenoma(CIA).The invasive depth and metastatic potential determine the operation regimen,which in turn affects the overall survival and distant prognosis.The previous studies have confirmed the malignant features and clinicopathological features of de novo colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To provide assistance for diagnosis and treatment,but the lack of a summary of endoscopic features and assessment of risk factors that differ from the CIA prompted us to conduct this retrospective study.METHODS In total,167 patients with small-sized CRCs diagnosed by endoscopy were reviewed.The patients diagnosed as advanced CRCs and other malignant cancers or chronic diseases that could affect distant outcomes were excluded.After screening,63 cases were excluded,including 33 de novo and 30 CIA cases.Patient information,including their follow-up information,was obtained from an electronic His-system.The characteristics between two group and risk factors for invasion depth were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 software.RESULTS Nearly half of the de novo CRCs were smaller than 1 cm(n=16,48.5%)and the majority were located in the distal colon(n=26,78.8%).The IIc type was the most common macroscopic type of de novo CRC.In a Pearson analysis,the differential degree,Sano,JNET,and Kudo types,surrounding mucosa,and chicken skin mucosa(CSM)were correlated with the invasion depth(P<0.001).CSM was a significant risk factor for deep invasion and disturbed judgment of endoscopic ultrasound.A high degree of tumor budding and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are accompanied by malignancy.Finally,de novo CRCs have worse outcomes than CIA CRCs.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study to analyze the features of de novo CRCs to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps.It is also the first study paying attention to CSM invasive depth measurement.This study emphasizes the high metastatic potential of de novo CRCs and highlights the need for more research on this tumor type.展开更多
This paper presents and verifies a new idea for constructing an ultrasonic motor (USM). The stator contains several vibrators fabricated by bonding piezoelectric ceramics (PZTs) to a metal base. When two alternati...This paper presents and verifies a new idea for constructing an ultrasonic motor (USM). The stator contains several vibrators fabricated by bonding piezoelectric ceramics (PZTs) to a metal base. When two alternating current (AC) voltages with a 90° phase difference are applied to the PZTs, longitudinal and bending modes are excited in the vibrator. The bending vibrations of the vibrators are stacked to form the torsional vibration of the stator, ultimately generating longitudinal-torsional composite vibration. Both vibrators and the stator are excited to the resonance state. A standing wave is formed by superposition of longitudinal and torsional modes. The proposed motor is an in-plane vibration motor because the vibrations of the stator are in the circumferential plane. The finite element method (FEM) is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed motor. The fabricated stator contains five vibrators. The tested resonance frequencies of longitudinal and torsional modes are 44.42 kHz and 43.83 kHz, respectively. The stall torque is 0.3 N'm and no-load speed is 45 r/min. The highest efficiency is 30%. The applied driving voltage is 100 Vo.p (peak voltage) at 43.9 kHz. The designed motor is a parallel-actuated integral motor. It allows the vibrators to operate synchronously, and overcomes asynchronous issues that occur in traditional multi-vibrator motors.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance,low cost,and the ability to fabricate largea...Perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance,low cost,and the ability to fabricate largearea devices.An impressive certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.2%has been achieved,demonstrating the excellent potential of PVSCs for future applications.Hole-transporting materials play a key role in improving the device performance of PVSCs by facilitating the extraction of photogenerated holes and their transport from the perovskite layer to the anode.This review provides a brief introduction to PVSCs and summarizes the recent progress in small molecule hole-transporting materials(SM-HTMs)bearing various cores and different4-anisylamino-based end caps.We classify the end caps into N,N-di-4-anisylamino(DAA),4-(N,N-di-4-anisylamino)benzo(DAB),and N3,N6(or N2,N7)-bis(di-4-anisylamino)-9 H-carbazole(3,6-DAC or 2,7-DAC)groups.We also review the core type,end cap position and number,how these affect the overall properties of the SM-HTMs,and the resultant PVSC device performances.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for the future development of SM-HTMs are presented.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China,No.2022-YGJC-71
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopy has rapidly developed in recent years and has enabled further investigation into the origin and features of intestinal tumors.The small size and concealed position of these tumors make it difficult to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps and carcinoma in adenoma(CIA).The invasive depth and metastatic potential determine the operation regimen,which in turn affects the overall survival and distant prognosis.The previous studies have confirmed the malignant features and clinicopathological features of de novo colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To provide assistance for diagnosis and treatment,but the lack of a summary of endoscopic features and assessment of risk factors that differ from the CIA prompted us to conduct this retrospective study.METHODS In total,167 patients with small-sized CRCs diagnosed by endoscopy were reviewed.The patients diagnosed as advanced CRCs and other malignant cancers or chronic diseases that could affect distant outcomes were excluded.After screening,63 cases were excluded,including 33 de novo and 30 CIA cases.Patient information,including their follow-up information,was obtained from an electronic His-system.The characteristics between two group and risk factors for invasion depth were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 software.RESULTS Nearly half of the de novo CRCs were smaller than 1 cm(n=16,48.5%)and the majority were located in the distal colon(n=26,78.8%).The IIc type was the most common macroscopic type of de novo CRC.In a Pearson analysis,the differential degree,Sano,JNET,and Kudo types,surrounding mucosa,and chicken skin mucosa(CSM)were correlated with the invasion depth(P<0.001).CSM was a significant risk factor for deep invasion and disturbed judgment of endoscopic ultrasound.A high degree of tumor budding and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are accompanied by malignancy.Finally,de novo CRCs have worse outcomes than CIA CRCs.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study to analyze the features of de novo CRCs to distinguish them from nonneoplastic polyps.It is also the first study paying attention to CSM invasive depth measurement.This study emphasizes the high metastatic potential of de novo CRCs and highlights the need for more research on this tumor type.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11174206), the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering (No. 0507), and the Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund (No. 201347), China
文摘This paper presents and verifies a new idea for constructing an ultrasonic motor (USM). The stator contains several vibrators fabricated by bonding piezoelectric ceramics (PZTs) to a metal base. When two alternating current (AC) voltages with a 90° phase difference are applied to the PZTs, longitudinal and bending modes are excited in the vibrator. The bending vibrations of the vibrators are stacked to form the torsional vibration of the stator, ultimately generating longitudinal-torsional composite vibration. Both vibrators and the stator are excited to the resonance state. A standing wave is formed by superposition of longitudinal and torsional modes. The proposed motor is an in-plane vibration motor because the vibrations of the stator are in the circumferential plane. The finite element method (FEM) is used to validate the feasibility of the proposed motor. The fabricated stator contains five vibrators. The tested resonance frequencies of longitudinal and torsional modes are 44.42 kHz and 43.83 kHz, respectively. The stall torque is 0.3 N'm and no-load speed is 45 r/min. The highest efficiency is 30%. The applied driving voltage is 100 Vo.p (peak voltage) at 43.9 kHz. The designed motor is a parallel-actuated integral motor. It allows the vibrators to operate synchronously, and overcomes asynchronous issues that occur in traditional multi-vibrator motors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,21825502)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(SKLPME 2017-2-04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance,low cost,and the ability to fabricate largearea devices.An impressive certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 25.2%has been achieved,demonstrating the excellent potential of PVSCs for future applications.Hole-transporting materials play a key role in improving the device performance of PVSCs by facilitating the extraction of photogenerated holes and their transport from the perovskite layer to the anode.This review provides a brief introduction to PVSCs and summarizes the recent progress in small molecule hole-transporting materials(SM-HTMs)bearing various cores and different4-anisylamino-based end caps.We classify the end caps into N,N-di-4-anisylamino(DAA),4-(N,N-di-4-anisylamino)benzo(DAB),and N3,N6(or N2,N7)-bis(di-4-anisylamino)-9 H-carbazole(3,6-DAC or 2,7-DAC)groups.We also review the core type,end cap position and number,how these affect the overall properties of the SM-HTMs,and the resultant PVSC device performances.Finally,the challenges and perspectives for the future development of SM-HTMs are presented.