右美托咪定对糖尿病肾病患者肾移植围手术期血糖的影响

目的评价右美托咪定对糖尿病肾病终末期接受同种异体肾移植术麻醉的有效性与安全性。方法选取2015年2月—2016年2月在广州医科大学附属第二医院接受肾移植术的糖尿病肾病患者60例,随机盲法分为右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组(C组),每组30例。D组于麻醉诱导前10 min给予右美托咪定(1μg/kg),10 min内泵注完毕,麻醉维持阶段以0.3μg/(kg·h)泵注,术毕前1 h停止泵注;C组以同样的方式、时点给予生理盐水,两组麻醉诱导及维持药物相同。观察并记录两组患者给药前(T0),给予负荷量后(T1)、插管即刻(T2)、停用右美托咪定30 min(T3)、在PACU拔管前(T4)、拔管后(T5)各时时点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、血糖及脑电双频指数(BIS)。结果两组不同时间点的血糖、MAP、HR及BIS值比较有差异(均P <0.05);两组间血糖、MAP、HR比较有差异(均P <0.05),BIS值比较无差异(P>0.05);两组血糖、MAP、HR变化趋势有差异(均P<0.05),两组BIS值变化趋势无差异(P>0.05)。结论右美托咪定可以安全有效地应用于糖尿病肾病同种异体肾移植术中,且可以改善患者围术期血流动力学变化。

Mediated protective effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment by miR-214 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Background Electroacupuncture pretreatment plays a protective role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury and microRNAs （miRNAs） could act on various facets of cardiac function. However, the role of miRNAs in the cardioprotection by electroacupuncture pre-treatment on myocardial I/R injury remains unknown. The purpose of the study was to examine whether miR-214 was involved in cardio-protection by electroacupuncture. Methods Using rat myocardial I/R model, we examined the role of electroacupuncture pretreatment in myocardial I/R injury and analyzed the changes in the expression of miR-214. In addition, I/R was simulated in vitro by performing oxy-gen-glucose deprivation （OGD） on H9c2 cell cultures, and the effect of electroacupuncture pretreatment on I/R injury as well as expressional level of miR-214 were examined in vitro. Furthermore, the miR-214 mimic was transfected into OGD-treated H9c2 cells, we analyzed the cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and creatine kinase （CK） activities, intracellular free Ca2＋concentration （[Ca2＋]i） as well as the relative protein levels of sodium/calcium exchanger 1（NCX1）, BCL2-like 11 （BIM）, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ（CaMKIIδ） and Cyclophilin D （CypD）. Results The in vivo results revealed that compared with the I/R group, the electroacupuncture pretreatment group showed significant decreased myocardial infarct size, as well as the increased indices of the cardiac function, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and maximal rate for left ventricular pressure rising and declining （±dp/dt max）. In addition, electroacupuncture pretreatment could inhibit the elevation of LDH and CK activities induced by I/R injury. The quantitative PCR （qPCR） results demonstrated electroacupuncture pretreatment could provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in rats with miR-214 up-regulation. In the meanwhile, in vitro, electroacupuncture pretreatment protected H9c2 cells from OGD-induced injury. Trans-fection of miR-214 mimic showed protective effects on OGD-induced injury to H9c2 cells by reducing apoptosis, decreasing LDH and CK activities, rescuing the OGD-induced Ca2＋and down-regulating elevated protein levels of NCX1, BIM, CaMKIIδand CypD. Conclusions Our findings firstly demonstrated that electroacupuncture pretreatment promotes the expression of miR-214 in myocardial I/R injury and miR-214 contributes to the protective effect of electroacupuncture on myocardial I/R injury.

Dexmedetomidine mitigates isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in fetal rats during the second trimester of pregnancy

Dexmedetomidine has significant neuroprotective effects. However, whether its protective effects can reduce neurotoxicity caused by isoflurane in fetal brain during the second trimester of pregnancy remains unclear. In this study, timed-pregnancy rats at gestational day 14 spontaneously inhaled 1.5% isoflurane for 4 hours, and were intraperitoneally injected with dexmedetomidine at dosages of 5, 10, 20, and 20 μg/kg 15 minutes before inhalation and after inhalation for 2 hours. Our results demonstrate that 4 hours after inhaling isoflurane, 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine visibly mitigated isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis, reversed downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and lessened decreased spatial learning and memory ability in adulthood in the fetal rats. Altogether, these findings indicate that dexmedetomidine can reduce neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in fetal rats during the second trimester of pregnancy. Further, brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in this process.

Corrosion behaviour of Mg−Gd−Y−Zn−Ag alloy components with different sizes after cooling

The corrosion behaviour of Mg−6Gd−3Y−1Zn−0.3Ag(wt.%)alloy components with different sizes after cooling was investigated.The alloys in the small components(SC)cooled fast,which were composed ofα-Mg matrix and coarse long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases.The alloys in the large components(LC)cooled slowly,and there were thin lamellar LPSO phases precipitating inside the grains,except forα-Mg matrix and coarse LPSO phases.The hydrogen evolution test revealed that the corrosion rate of LC sample was higher than that of SC sample.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)test showed that the surface film on LC alloys provided worse protection.The corrosion morphologies indicated that the precipitation of the thin lamellar LPSO phases in LC sample caused severe micro-galvanic corrosion,which accelerated the rupture of the surface film.

Macrophage-NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Exacerbates Cardiac Dysfunction after Ischemic Stroke in a Mouse Model of Diabetes

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.In the post-stroke stage,cardiac dysfunction is common and is known as the brain-heart interaction.Diabetes mellitus worsens the post-stroke outcome.Stroke-induced systemic inflammation is the major causative factor for the sequential complications,but the mechanism underlying the brain-heart interaction in diabetes has not been clarified.The NLRP3(NLR pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome,an important component of the inflammation after stroke,is mainly activated in M1-polarized macrophages.In this study,we found that the cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemic stroke is more severe in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,M1-polarized macrophage infiltration and NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased in the cardiac ventricle after diabetic stroke.Importantly,the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor CY-09 restored cardiac function,indicating that the Ml-polarized macrophage-NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a pathway underlying the brain-heart interaction after diabetic stroke.

Malaria:elimination tale from Yunnan Province of China and new challenges for reintroduction

Background::Eradication of infectious disease is the sanctified public health and sustainable development goal around the world.Main body::Three antimalarial barriers were developed to control imported malarial cases,and an effective surveillance strategy known as the"1-3-7 approach"was developed to eliminate malaria from the Chinese population.From 2011 to 2019,5254 confirmed malaria cases were reported and treated in Yunnan Province,China.Among them,4566 cases were imported from other countries,and 688 cases were indigenous from 2011 to 2016.Since 2017,no new local malarial case has been reported in China.Thus,malaria has been completely eliminated in Yunnan Province.However,malaria is detected in overseas travellers on a regular basis,such as visitors from neighbouring Myanmar.Conclusion::Hence,the strategies should be further strengthened to maintain a robust public health infrastructure for disease surveillance and vector control programs in border areas.Such programs should be supported technically and financially by the government to avert the possibility of a malarial resurgence in Yunnan Province.

Supramolecular Radical Switches Regulated by Host-Guest Chemistry

Water-soluble thermal initiators are important radical sources to be applied in various fields.However,the uncontrolled radical generation from the high sensitivity of initiators may cause disadvantages in the applications.Here,we present a series of supramolecular radical switches regulated by the host-guest chemistry between initiators and cucurbit[8]uril(CB[8]).Thermal initiators(VA-044,VA-056,VA-057)can be spontaneously encapsulated into the cavity of CB[8]to“turn off”their radical-generation ability.Their activity will instantaneously“turn on”in the presence of other competitors such as 1-adamantylamine(ADA).Further,we demonstrated the free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide using initiators,inhibiting its activity by binding with CB[8]and initiating reaction by adding ADA.These novel supramolecular radical switches provide a facile strategy to control the generation of free radicals in a“plug-and-play”manner,which may arouse research interests in polymerization,catalysis,and the biomedical field.