Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a protein and oil crop grown worldwide.Its fitness may be reduced by deleterious mutations,whose identification and purging is desirable for crop breeding.In the published whole-genome re-seq...Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a protein and oil crop grown worldwide.Its fitness may be reduced by deleterious mutations,whose identification and purging is desirable for crop breeding.In the published whole-genome re-sequenced data of 2214 soybean accessions,including 221 wild soybean,1132 landrace cultivars and 861 improved soybean lines,we identified 115,275 deleterious single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Numbers of deleterious alleles increased from wild soybeans to landraces and decreased from landraces to modern improved lines.Genes in selective-sweep regions showed fewer deleterious mutations than the remaining genes.Deleterious mutations explained 4.3%-48%more phenotypic variation than randomly selected SNPs for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 2(SCN2),soybean cyst nematode race 3(SCN3)and soybean mosaic virus race 3(SMV3).These findings illustrate how mutation load has shifted during soybean domestication,expansion and improvement and provide candidate sites for breeding out deleterious mutations in soybean by genome editing and/or conventional breeding focused on the selection of progeny with fewer deleterious alleles.展开更多
Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV...Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV has been transplanted from its top-geoherb region,Guangdong,to its current main production area,Yunnan,for>50 years in China.However,the genetic and transcriptomic differentiation among multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the origin and transplanted populations of WVV is unknown.In our study,the observed overall higher expression of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in WVV than in WVX provided possible evidence for the better pharmacological effect of WVV.We also screened six candidate borneol dehydrogenases(BDHs)that potentially catalyzed borneol into camphor in WVV and functionally verified them.Highly expressed genes at the P2 stage of WVV,Wv05G1424 and Wv05G1438,were capable of catalyzing the formation of camphor from(+)-borneol,(-)-borneol and DL-isoborneol.Moreover,the BDH genes may experience independent evolution after acquiring the ancestral copies,and the following tandem duplications might account for the abundant camphor content in WVV.Furthermore,four populations of WVV,WVX,and WL are genetically differentiated,and the gene flow from WVX to WVV in Yunnan contributed to the greater genetic diversity in the introduced population(WVV-JH)than in its top-geoherb region(WVV-YC),which showed the lowest genetic diversity and might undergo genetic degradation.In addition,terpene synthesis(TPS)and BDH genes were selected among populations of multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the top-and non-top-geoherb regions,which might explain the difference in metabolites between these populations.Our findings provide important guidance for the conservation,genetic improvement,and industrial development of the three source species(or varieties)and for identifying top-geoherbalism with molecular markers,and proper clinical application of AF.展开更多
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most WRKY TFs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are still unknown. In this study, w...WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most WRKY TFs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are still unknown. In this study, we functionally identified a group Ⅲ WRKY transcription factor, GhWRKY70, in upland cotton. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis showed that GhWRKY70 expression was induced by Verticillium dahliae, salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate. Virus-induced gene silencing of GhWRKY70 increased the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae. Specifically, jasmonic acid (JA) response-associated genes were upregulated and SA-related genes were downregulated in GhWRKY70-silenced cotton plants. Overexpression of GhWRKY70 reduced tolerance to V. dahliae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed increased expression of SA-associated genes and reduced expression of JA response-associated genes. These results suggest that GhWRKY70 negatively regulates tolerance to V. dahliae in at least two ways: (ⅰ) by upregulating the expression of SA-associated genes and (ⅱ) by reducing the expression of JA-associated genes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172002,32070242)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD2016113010482651)+1 种基金Special Funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(RC201901-05,PT201901-19)the USDA Agricultural Research Service Research Participation Program of the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education(ORISE)(DE-AC05-06OR23100).
文摘Soybean(Glycine max L.)is a protein and oil crop grown worldwide.Its fitness may be reduced by deleterious mutations,whose identification and purging is desirable for crop breeding.In the published whole-genome re-sequenced data of 2214 soybean accessions,including 221 wild soybean,1132 landrace cultivars and 861 improved soybean lines,we identified 115,275 deleterious single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Numbers of deleterious alleles increased from wild soybeans to landraces and decreased from landraces to modern improved lines.Genes in selective-sweep regions showed fewer deleterious mutations than the remaining genes.Deleterious mutations explained 4.3%-48%more phenotypic variation than randomly selected SNPs for resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 2(SCN2),soybean cyst nematode race 3(SCN3)and soybean mosaic virus race 3(SMV3).These findings illustrate how mutation load has shifted during soybean domestication,expansion and improvement and provide candidate sites for breeding out deleterious mutations in soybean by genome editing and/or conventional breeding focused on the selection of progeny with fewer deleterious alleles.
基金This study was supported by Yunnan Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program(Academician and ExpertWorkstations,202205AF150071)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFA0907900,2022YFD1600300,and 2017YFC1701100)+6 种基金Open Projects of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement(No.KL2022KF01)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD2016113010482651)special funds for Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District(Nos.RC201901-05 and PT201901-19)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020 M672904)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong(No.2020A1515110912)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32070242 and 82260736)Science Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality of China(ZDSYS 20200811142605017).
文摘Amomi Fructus(Sharen,AF)is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from three source species(or varieties),including Wurfbainia villosa var.villosa(WVV),W.villosa var.xanthioides(WVX),or W.longiligularis(WL).Among them,WVV has been transplanted from its top-geoherb region,Guangdong,to its current main production area,Yunnan,for>50 years in China.However,the genetic and transcriptomic differentiation among multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the origin and transplanted populations of WVV is unknown.In our study,the observed overall higher expression of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in WVV than in WVX provided possible evidence for the better pharmacological effect of WVV.We also screened six candidate borneol dehydrogenases(BDHs)that potentially catalyzed borneol into camphor in WVV and functionally verified them.Highly expressed genes at the P2 stage of WVV,Wv05G1424 and Wv05G1438,were capable of catalyzing the formation of camphor from(+)-borneol,(-)-borneol and DL-isoborneol.Moreover,the BDH genes may experience independent evolution after acquiring the ancestral copies,and the following tandem duplications might account for the abundant camphor content in WVV.Furthermore,four populations of WVV,WVX,and WL are genetically differentiated,and the gene flow from WVX to WVV in Yunnan contributed to the greater genetic diversity in the introduced population(WVV-JH)than in its top-geoherb region(WVV-YC),which showed the lowest genetic diversity and might undergo genetic degradation.In addition,terpene synthesis(TPS)and BDH genes were selected among populations of multiple AF source species(or varieties)and between the top-and non-top-geoherb regions,which might explain the difference in metabolites between these populations.Our findings provide important guidance for the conservation,genetic improvement,and industrial development of the three source species(or varieties)and for identifying top-geoherbalism with molecular markers,and proper clinical application of AF.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100200)Science and Technology Development Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Groups (2015AC007)Crops Breeding Project of Shihezi University (YZZX201704)
文摘WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the functions of most WRKY TFs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) are still unknown. In this study, we functionally identified a group Ⅲ WRKY transcription factor, GhWRKY70, in upland cotton. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis showed that GhWRKY70 expression was induced by Verticillium dahliae, salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate. Virus-induced gene silencing of GhWRKY70 increased the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae. Specifically, jasmonic acid (JA) response-associated genes were upregulated and SA-related genes were downregulated in GhWRKY70-silenced cotton plants. Overexpression of GhWRKY70 reduced tolerance to V. dahliae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed increased expression of SA-associated genes and reduced expression of JA response-associated genes. These results suggest that GhWRKY70 negatively regulates tolerance to V. dahliae in at least two ways: (ⅰ) by upregulating the expression of SA-associated genes and (ⅱ) by reducing the expression of JA-associated genes.