To improve the spectral characteristics of the high-order weighted compact nonlinear scheme(WCNS),optimized flux difference schemes are proposed.The disadvantages in previous optimization routines,i.e.,reducing formal...To improve the spectral characteristics of the high-order weighted compact nonlinear scheme(WCNS),optimized flux difference schemes are proposed.The disadvantages in previous optimization routines,i.e.,reducing formal orders,or extending stencil widths,are avoided in the new optimized schemes by utilizing fluxes from both cell-edges and cell-nodes.Optimizations are implemented with Fourier analysis for linear schemes and the approximate dispersion relation(ADR)for nonlinear schemes.Classical difference schemes are restored near discontinuities to suppress numerical oscillations with use of a shock sensor based on smoothness indicators.The results of several benchmark numerical tests indicate that the new optimized difference schemes outperform the classical schemes,in terms of accuracy and resolution for smooth wave and vortex,especially for long-time simulations.Using optimized schemes increases the total CPU time by less than 4%.展开更多
Objective:Used extensively to treat cardiovascular disease,Danqi analogous formulas(DQAF)include prescriptions for Danqi(DQ),Fufang Danshen(FFDS)and Qishen Yiqi(QSYQ).Differences in prescription compatibility result i...Objective:Used extensively to treat cardiovascular disease,Danqi analogous formulas(DQAF)include prescriptions for Danqi(DQ),Fufang Danshen(FFDS)and Qishen Yiqi(QSYQ).Differences in prescription compatibility result in varying emphases of DQAF in clinical application.Methods and results:Based on network analysis in this study,common and distinct mechanisms of DQAF actions on cardiovascular disease were analyzed at a systemic level.Components etargetsepathways models were developed by Cytoscape(http://www.cytoscape.org/);whereby,target information for active compounds was obtained based on the PharmMapper database(http://59.78.96.61/pharmmapper/),which was further used to search pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database(http://www.genome.jp/kegg/).Based on target and network analyses,we discovered RBP4 is a potential common target of DQAF,while mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1)and glutathione S-transferase P were potential targets of FFDS and QSYQ,respectively.Furthermore,the potential of DQAF to treat cardiovascular disease occurs through effects on the endocrine,immune,and digestive systems,in addition to lipid,sugar and amino acid metabolic pathways.Whereas FFDS exhibits effects on Toll-like receptor,transforming growth factor beta and MAPK signaling pathways;QSYQ exerts effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling,as well as metabolism of glutathione and arachidonic acid.展开更多
In this article,a robust,effective,and scale-invariant weighted compact nonlinear scheme(WCNS)is proposed by introducing descaling techniques to the nonlinear weights of the WCNS-Z/D schemes.The new scheme achieves an...In this article,a robust,effective,and scale-invariant weighted compact nonlinear scheme(WCNS)is proposed by introducing descaling techniques to the nonlinear weights of the WCNS-Z/D schemes.The new scheme achieves an essentially non-oscillatory approximation of a discontinuous function(ENO-property),a scaleinvariant property with an arbitrary scale of a function(Si-property),and an optimal order of accuracy with smooth function regardless of the critical point(Cp-property).The classical WCNS-Z/D schemes do not satisfy Si-property intrinsically,which is caused by a loss of sub-stencils’adaptivity in the nonlinear interpolation of a discontinuous function when scaled by a small scale factor.A new nonlinear weight is devised by using an average of the function values and the descaling function,providing the new WCNS schemes(WCNS-Zm/Dm)with many attractive properties.The ENO-property,Si-property and Cp-property of the new WCNS schemes are validated numerically.Results show that the WCNS-Zm/Dm schemes satisfy the ENO-property and Si-property,while only the WCNS-Dm scheme satisfies the Cp-property.In addition,the Gaussian wave problem is solved by using successively refined grids to verify that the optimal order of accuracy of the new schemes can be achieved.Several one-dimensional shock tube problems,and two-dimensional double Mach reflection(DMR)problem and the Riemann IVP problem are simulated to illustrate the ENOproperty and Si-property of the scale-invariant WCNS-Zm/Dm schemes.展开更多
Curcumin,the medically active component from Curcuma longa(Turmeric),is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases.Protein interaction network(PIN) analysis was used to predict its mechanisms of molecular action.Targe...Curcumin,the medically active component from Curcuma longa(Turmeric),is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases.Protein interaction network(PIN) analysis was used to predict its mechanisms of molecular action.Targets of curcumin were obtained based on ChE MBL and STITCH databases.Protein–protein interactions(PPIs) were extracted from the String database.The PIN of curcumin was constructed by Cytoscape and the function modules identified by gene ontology(GO) enrichment analysis based on molecular complex detection(MCODE).A PIN of curcumin with 482 nodes and 1688 interactions was constructed,which has scale-free,small world and modular properties.Based on analysis of these function modules,the mechanism of curcumin is proposed.Two modules were found to be intimately associated with inflammation.With function modules analysis,the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin were related to SMAD,ERG and mediation by the TLR family.TLR9 may be a potential target of curcumin to treat inflammation.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Project(No.GJXM92579)the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(No.C1520110002)the State Administration of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defence,China。
文摘To improve the spectral characteristics of the high-order weighted compact nonlinear scheme(WCNS),optimized flux difference schemes are proposed.The disadvantages in previous optimization routines,i.e.,reducing formal orders,or extending stencil widths,are avoided in the new optimized schemes by utilizing fluxes from both cell-edges and cell-nodes.Optimizations are implemented with Fourier analysis for linear schemes and the approximate dispersion relation(ADR)for nonlinear schemes.Classical difference schemes are restored near discontinuities to suppress numerical oscillations with use of a shock sensor based on smoothness indicators.The results of several benchmark numerical tests indicate that the new optimized difference schemes outperform the classical schemes,in terms of accuracy and resolution for smooth wave and vortex,especially for long-time simulations.Using optimized schemes increases the total CPU time by less than 4%.
基金support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81430094 and 81173522)the National Key Technology R&D Program(2008BAI51B01).
文摘Objective:Used extensively to treat cardiovascular disease,Danqi analogous formulas(DQAF)include prescriptions for Danqi(DQ),Fufang Danshen(FFDS)and Qishen Yiqi(QSYQ).Differences in prescription compatibility result in varying emphases of DQAF in clinical application.Methods and results:Based on network analysis in this study,common and distinct mechanisms of DQAF actions on cardiovascular disease were analyzed at a systemic level.Components etargetsepathways models were developed by Cytoscape(http://www.cytoscape.org/);whereby,target information for active compounds was obtained based on the PharmMapper database(http://59.78.96.61/pharmmapper/),which was further used to search pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database(http://www.genome.jp/kegg/).Based on target and network analyses,we discovered RBP4 is a potential common target of DQAF,while mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1)and glutathione S-transferase P were potential targets of FFDS and QSYQ,respectively.Furthermore,the potential of DQAF to treat cardiovascular disease occurs through effects on the endocrine,immune,and digestive systems,in addition to lipid,sugar and amino acid metabolic pathways.Whereas FFDS exhibits effects on Toll-like receptor,transforming growth factor beta and MAPK signaling pathways;QSYQ exerts effects on cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling,as well as metabolism of glutathione and arachidonic acid.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022JJ40539)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11972370)National Key Project(No.GJXM92579).
文摘In this article,a robust,effective,and scale-invariant weighted compact nonlinear scheme(WCNS)is proposed by introducing descaling techniques to the nonlinear weights of the WCNS-Z/D schemes.The new scheme achieves an essentially non-oscillatory approximation of a discontinuous function(ENO-property),a scaleinvariant property with an arbitrary scale of a function(Si-property),and an optimal order of accuracy with smooth function regardless of the critical point(Cp-property).The classical WCNS-Z/D schemes do not satisfy Si-property intrinsically,which is caused by a loss of sub-stencils’adaptivity in the nonlinear interpolation of a discontinuous function when scaled by a small scale factor.A new nonlinear weight is devised by using an average of the function values and the descaling function,providing the new WCNS schemes(WCNS-Zm/Dm)with many attractive properties.The ENO-property,Si-property and Cp-property of the new WCNS schemes are validated numerically.Results show that the WCNS-Zm/Dm schemes satisfy the ENO-property and Si-property,while only the WCNS-Dm scheme satisfies the Cp-property.In addition,the Gaussian wave problem is solved by using successively refined grids to verify that the optimal order of accuracy of the new schemes can be achieved.Several one-dimensional shock tube problems,and two-dimensional double Mach reflection(DMR)problem and the Riemann IVP problem are simulated to illustrate the ENOproperty and Si-property of the scale-invariant WCNS-Zm/Dm schemes.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81403103)Chinese Medicine Resources(Sichuan Province)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team(Grant No.2015TD0028)+1 种基金Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Plan(Grant No.2014SZ0156)Sichuan Province Education Department Project(Grant No.2013SZB0781)
文摘Curcumin,the medically active component from Curcuma longa(Turmeric),is widely used to treat inflammatory diseases.Protein interaction network(PIN) analysis was used to predict its mechanisms of molecular action.Targets of curcumin were obtained based on ChE MBL and STITCH databases.Protein–protein interactions(PPIs) were extracted from the String database.The PIN of curcumin was constructed by Cytoscape and the function modules identified by gene ontology(GO) enrichment analysis based on molecular complex detection(MCODE).A PIN of curcumin with 482 nodes and 1688 interactions was constructed,which has scale-free,small world and modular properties.Based on analysis of these function modules,the mechanism of curcumin is proposed.Two modules were found to be intimately associated with inflammation.With function modules analysis,the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin were related to SMAD,ERG and mediation by the TLR family.TLR9 may be a potential target of curcumin to treat inflammation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002379 and 11972370)the National Key Project(Grant No.GJXM92579).