Isolation and Identification of Root Rot Fungus of Astragalus membranaceus

The perennial root of Astragalus membranaceus is used as a medicine, while root rot is a main factor causing reduction of quality and commodity value of A. membranaceus . The screening and research of the pathogenic species and their characteristics could provide theoretical and practical basis for the control of this disease. A pathogenic strain was isolated and purified from the root part of four-year-old A. membranaceus , and identified by morphological and molecular biological methods as Fusarium oxysporum . This study will provide a theoretical basis for the research of the biological characteristics and control of F. oxysporum .

Overcoming adaptive resistance in AML by synergistically targeting FOXO3A-GNG7-mTOR axis with FOXO3A inhibitor Gardenoside and rapamycin

Therapeutic targeting FOxO3A(a forkhead transcription factor)represents a prom-ising strategy to suppress acute myeloid leukemia(AML).However,the effective inhibitors that target FOXO3A are lacking and the adaptive response signaling weakens the cytotoxic effect of FOxO3A depletion on AML cells.Here,we show that FOxO3A deficiency induces a compensa-tory response involved in the reactive activation of mTOR that leads to signaling rebound and adaptive resistance.Mitochondrial metabolism acts downstream of mTOR to provoke activa-tion of JNK/c-JUN via reactive oxygen species(ROS).At the molecular level,FOXO3A directly binds to the promoter of G protein gamma subunit 7(GNG7)and preserves its expression,while GNG7 interacts with mTOR and restricts phosphorylated activation of mTOR.Consequently,combinatorial inhibition of FOXO3A and mTOR show a synergistic cytotoxic effect on AML cells and prolongs survival in a mouse model of AML.Through a structure-based virtual screening,we report one potent small-molecule FOxO3A inhibitor(Gardenoside)that exhibits a strong effect of anti-FOXO3A DNA binding.Gardenoside synergizes with rapamycin to substantially reduce tumor burden and extend survival in AML patient-derived xenograft model.These results demonstrate that mTOR can mediate adaptive resistance to FOxO3A inhibition and validate a combinatorial approach for treating AML.

基于高通量测序的不同虫态洋虫内共生微生物群落分析

【目的】为分析不同虫态下洋虫内共生微生物菌群组成情况,以成虫和幼虫两种虫态为研究对象。【方法】通过对洋虫内共生微生物提取及高通量测序分析,获得不同样品中微生物组成结构及变化情况。【结果】不同虫态下,随着生长发育的进行,洋虫体内细菌在丰度和多样性两个方面都有很大变化,成虫中的菌群数量相对较少,多样性较幼虫也明显降低。在几种特定微生物组成上不同虫态也存在着较大的差异,成虫中,漫游球菌属和乳酸菌菌属为优势菌属;幼虫体内乳酸菌菌属为优势菌属。真菌变化不明显,孢囊线黑粉酵母菌属为其优势菌属。【结论】研究结果将为后继洋虫生物资源的研究提供相关信息,为洋虫内共生微生物资源开发与利用提供理论依据。