Nano Ag-enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in all-inorganic,hole-transporting-layer-free CsPbIBr_(2) perovskite solar cells

All-inorganic,hole-transporting-layer-free CsPbIBr_(2)perovskite solar cells have great potential for development,but their device performance needs to be further improved.Recently,metal nanostructures have been successfully applied in the field of solar cells to improve their performance.Nano Ag-enhanced power conversion efficiency(PCE)in one CsPbIBr_(2)perovskite solar cell utilizing localized surface plasmons of Ag nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface has been researched experimentally and by simulation in this paper.The localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs has a near-field enhancement effect,which is expected to improve the light absorption of CsPbIBr_(2)perovskite photovoltaic devices.In addition,Ag NPs have a forward-scattering effect on the incident light,which can also improve the performance of CsPbIBr_(2)-based perovskite photovoltaic devices.By directly assembling Ag NPs(with a size of about 150 nm)on the surface of fluorine-doped tin oxide it is found when the particle surface coverage is 10%,the CsPbIBr_(2)perovskite photovoltaic device achieves a best PCE of 2.7%,which is 9.76%higher than that of the control group.Without changing any existing structure in the ready-made solar cell,this facile and efficient method has huge applications.To the best of our knowledge,this paper is the first report on nano Ag-enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency in this kind of CsPbIBr_(2)perovskite solar cell.

Recent advances,challenges,and perspectives on carbon capture

Carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies play an essential role in achieving Net Zero Emissions targets.Considering the lack of timely reviews on the recent advancements in promising CCUS technologies,it is crucial to provide a prompt review of the CCUS advances to understand the current research gaps pertained to its industrial application.To that end,this review first summarized the developmental history of CCUS technologies and the current large-scale demonstrations.Then,based on a visually bibliometric analysis,the carbon capture remains a hotspot in the CCUS development.Noting that the materials applied in the carbon capture process determines its performance.As a result,the state-of-the-art carbon capture materials and emerging capture technologies were comprehensively summarized and discussed.Gaps between state-of-art carbon capture process and its ideal counterpart are analyzed,and insights into the research needs such as material design,process optimization,environmental impact,and technical and economic assessments are provided.

中国碳中和技术发展路径

Carbon neutrality has been considered a new focus of countries for achieving the goal of the Paris Agreement.China has pledged to peak CO_(2) emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,and a"1+N"policy framework has been built to guide the implementations.Scientific and technological innovation has been emphasized as one of the key strategies to establish an innovation system,strengthen research,and promote applications of green and low-carbon technologies[1].Despite numerous studies and policies on decarbonization technologies,studies focusing on technological development pathways for China’s carbon neutrality are needed[2].

Active site identification and engineering during the dynamic evolution of copper-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction

To date,copper-based catalysts are one of the most prominent catalysts that can electrochemically reduce CO_(2)towards highvalue fuels or chemicals,such as ethylene,ethanol,and acetic acid.However,the chemically active feature of Cu-based catalysts hinders the understanding of the intrinsic catalytic active sites during the initial and the operative processes of electrochemical CO_(2)reduction(CO_(2)RR).The identification and engineering of active sites during the dynamic evolution of catalysts are thereby vital to further improve the activity,selectivity,and durability of Cu-based catalysts for high-performance CO_(2)RR.In this regard,four triggers for the dynamic evolution of catalysts were introduced in detail.Afterward,three typical active-site theories during the dynamic reconstruction of catalysts were discussed.In addition,the strategies in catalyst design were summarized according to the latest reports of Cu-based catalysts for CO_(2)RR,including the tuning of electronic structure,controlling of the external potential,and regulation of local catalytic environment.Finally,the conclusions and perspectives were provided to inspire more investigations and studies on the intrinsic active sites during the dynamic evolution of catalysts,which could promote the optimization of the catalyst system to further improve the performance of CO_(2)RR.

Hepatoblastoma with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis:Two case reports

We report two children with hepatoblastoma(HB)with a history of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).Case 1 was diagnosed with HB at 5 months of age.Liver enlargement was found during the NEC operation at 3 months of age and then was clinically diagnosed by imaging.After six chemotherapy courses,a partial hepatectomy was performed.Three months after ceasing the chemotherapy,a chest computed tomography scan suggested that distant metastasis of the tumor should be considered,and the lesion was removed.However,9 months after the operation,alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were increased,and abdominal imaging showed a recurrence of the tumor in situ,resulting in a hepatectomy.Case 2 was diagnosed with NEC shortly after birth and underwent an intestinal resection and anastomosis 1 month later.He was diagnosed with HB at 3 years of age.Hepatectomy was performed after five courses of chemotherapy.Chemotherapy was stopped after 10 courses,and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were normal.At present,both children have survived and are in a healthy condition.Physicians should be aware of the possibility of HB and a history of NEC in children.Premature birth and low birth weight are common factors leading to the pathogenesis of HB and NEC.The association between these two diseases requires further study。

Dynamic Active Sites in Bi_(5)O_(7)I Promoted by Surface Tensile Strain Enable Selective Visible Light CO_(2)Photoreduction

Surface defects with abundant localized electrons on bismuth oxyhalide catalysts are proved to have the capability to capture and activate CO_(2).However,bismuth oxyhalide materials are susceptible to photocorrosion,making the surface defects easily deactivated and therefore losing their function as active sites.Construction of deactivation-resistant surface defects on catalyst is essential for stable CO_(2)photoreduction,but is a universal challenge.In this work,the Bi_(5)O_(7)I nanotubes with surface tensile strain are synthesized,which are favorable for the visible light-induced dynamic I defects generation.The CO_(2)molecules absorbed on I defects are constantly reduced by the incoming photogenerated electrons from I-deficient Bi_(5)O_(7)I nanotubes and the successive protonation of CO_(2)molecules is thus highly promoted,realizing the selective CO_(2)conversion process via the route of CO_(2)-COOH^(-)-CO.The efficient and stable photoreduction of CO_(2)into CO with 100%selectivity can be achieved even under visible light(>420 nm)irradiation benefited from the dynamic I defects as active sites.The results presented herein demonstrate the unique action mechanism of light-induced dynamic defects during CO_(2)photoreduction process and provide a new strategy into rational design of deactivation-resistant catalysts for selective CO_(2)photoreduction.

Treatment and outcomes of 1041 pediatric patients with neuroblastoma who received multidisciplinary care in China

Importance:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children.Multidisciplinary care is critical to improving the survival of pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.Objective:To systematically summarize the clinical characteristics of children with neuroblastoma and evaluate their prognosis with multidisciplinary care provided in a single center.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 1041 patients with neuroblastoma who were diagnosed,treated,and followed-up in the Hematology-Oncology Center of Beijing Children’s Hospital from 2007 to 2019.Results:The median age at diagnosis was 34 months;80.8%of the patients were younger than 5 years of age.Notably,243 patients(23.3%)were classified as low-risk,249 patients(23.9%)were classified as intermediate-risk,and 549(52.7%)were classified as high-risk.Furthermore,956 patients underwent surgical resections;986(94.7%)patients received chemotherapy;and 176 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.The 5-year event-free survival(EFS)rate was 91.3%and 5-year overall survival(OS)rate was 97.5%in low-risk group;in the intermediate-risk group,these rates were 85.1%and 96.7%,respectively,while they were 37.7%and 48.9%in the high-risk group(P<0.001 for both).The 5-year EFS and OS rates were significantly higher in patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 than in patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2014(P<0.001).In total,278 patients(26.7%)exhibited tumor relapse or progression;the median interval until relapse or progression was 14 months.Of the 233 patients who died,83%died of relapse or progression of neuroblastoma and 4.3%died of therapy-related complications.Interpretation:The 5-year OS rate was low in high-risk patients,compared with low-and intermediate-risk patients.Multidisciplinary care is critical for improvement of survival in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.Additional treatment strategies should be sought to improve the prognosis of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.

Environmentally persistent free radicals in PM_(2.5):a review

Environmentally persistent free radicals(EPFRs)are a new class of pollutants that are long-lived in fine particles(PM_(2.5)),i.e.,their 1/e lifetime ranges from days to months(or even infinite).They are capable of producing harmful reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals.The redox cycling of EPFRs is considered as an important pathway for PM_(2.5) to induce oxidative stress inside the humans,causing adverse health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.Conse-quently,research regarding their toxicity,formation and environmental occurrences in PM_(2.5) has attracted increasing atten-tions globally during the past two decades.However,literature data in this field remain quite limited and discrete.Hence,an extensive review is urgently needed to summarize the current understanding of this topic.In this work,we systematically reviewed the analytical methods and environmental occurrences,e.g.,types,concentrations,and decay behaviors,as well as possible sources of EPFRs in PM_(2.5).The types of pretreatment methods,g-values of common EPFRs and categories of decay processes were discussed in detail.Moreover,great efforts were made to revisit the original data of the published works of EPFRs in airborne particulate matter and provided additional useful information for comparison where possible,e.g.,their mean and standard deviation of g-values,line widths(ΔHp-p),and concentrations.Finally,possible research opportunities were highlighted to further advance our knowledge of this emerging issue.

Selenium uptake and simultaneous catalysis of sulfite oxidation in ammonia-based desulfurization

Accelerating the(NH_4)_(2)SO_(3) oxidation gives rise to the reclaiming of byproduct, while there are secondary environmental risks from reduction of the coexisted selenium species by sulfite. In this study, a bi-functional Co-SBA-15-SH, were synthesized through Co impregnation and sulfhydryl(-SH) decoration, which can simultaneously uptake Se and accelerate sulfite oxidation efficiently. Meanwhile, the adsorption kinetics and migration mechanism of Se species were revealed through characterization and density functional calculations, with maximum adsorption capacity of 223 mg/g. The inhibition of Se~0 re-emission and poisonous effect of Se on sulfite oxidation was also investigated. Using the findings of this study, the ammonia desulfurization can be improved by enabling purification of the byproduct and lowering the toxicity of effluent by removing toxic pollutants.