Fatigue properties and damage constitutive model of salt rock based on CT scanning

To investigate the macroscopic fatigue properties and the mesoscopic pore evolution characteristics of salt rock under cyclic loading,fatigue tests under different upper-limit stresses were carried out on salt rock,and the mesoscopic pore structures of salt rock before and after fatigue tests and under different cycle numbers were measured using CT scanning instrument.Based on the test results,the effects of the cycle number and the upper-limit stress on the evolution of cracks,pore morphology,pore number,pore volume,pore size,plane porosity,and volume porosity of salt rock were analyzed.The failure path of salt rock specimens under cyclic loading was analyzed using the distribution law of plane porosity.The damage variable of salt rock under cyclic loading was defined on basis of the variation of volume porosity with cycle number.In order to describe the fatigue deformation behavior of salt rock under cyclic loading,the nonlinear Burgers damage constitutive model was further established.The results show that the model established can better reflect the whole development process of fatigue deformation of salt rock under cyclic loading.

A new energy-absorbing bolt used for large deformation control of tunnel surrounding rock

In order to control the large deformation of tunnel surrounding rock,a new energy-absorbing bolt is developed.This bolt can be transformed into a rigid support when the deformation of the surrounding rock reaches the length of the sleeve tube,thus preventing the surrounding rock from continuing to deform.Moreover,this bolt has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture and assemble.Then the static tensile test is conducted on the bolt specimen to test its working performance.The test results show that when the cone angle of the cone block is small,the load–displacement curve of the bolt contains three stages;when the cone angle is large,the load–displacement curve contains only two stages.Meanwhile,both the average constant resistance and the maximum absorbed energy increase linearly with the increase of cone angle.On this basis,ignoring the influence of shear stress,and it is supposed that the thickness of the sleeve tube is constant,then the theoretical calculation formula of constant resistance for the new bolt is derived,and the rationality of the formula is verified using the static tensile test results.It is found that the error of the calculated result is less than 15%when the cone angle does not exceed 15.At last,the numerical simulation method is used to analyze the performance of the new bolt.The simulation results indicate that the generation of shear stress and the change of tube thickness during the movement of the cone block are two important factors that cause theoretical errors.