Unmanned air vehicle adaptability and application evaluation for new rice panicle fertilizers:Fertilizer characteristics and mechanical adaptability

High-efficiency fertilizers suitable for mechanical spraying can improve the fertilizer application and utilization efficiency.In this study,two types of granular compound fertilizers suitable for unmanned air vehicle spraying were developed using urea,potassium chloride,humic acid,and an amino acid synergist according to the fertilization requirements of rice at the booting stage.The physical and chemical properties of the compound fertilizers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The release kinetics of the fertilizer was studied via a soil column leaching experiment.The effect of fertilizer particles on unmanned air vehicle spraying uniformity was studied via an orthogonal simulation experiment.Results showed that the chemical interaction between compound-fertilizer raw materials formed complexes such as C-NH-C and-CO-NH-,which caused a change in fertilizer particle morphology.This led to chemical monolayer adsorption or internal fertilizer diffusion,which in turn delayed the fertilizer release by 5−10 d.A simulation bench test showed that the fertilizer particle hardness and roundness exceeded 20 N and 85%,respectively,while the particle size was in the range of 2.07−5.13 mm,which resulted in good unmanned air vehicle spraying uniformity with a lateral variation coefficient of less than 15%.Finally,the experimental field results demonstrated that the new compound fertilizers,when sprayed by an unmanned air vehicle,could improve the economic benefit by 916−2742 CNY ha−1 without reducing the nitrogen utilization rate and rice yield.The new compound fertilizers exhibit delayed release,good spraying uniformity,and improved economic benefit,rendering them suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

Combination of acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for functional constipation:A meta-analysis

To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of using acupuncture with traditional Chinese medicine for functional constipation so as to provide the evidence-based data for clinical practice.Wanfang databases,CBM,VIP,CNKI,PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMbase were searched for trials based on randomization and control for use of acupuncture in combination with CHM for functional constipation published from the inception of the database to Dec.2019.We used the risk of bias of Cochrane Collaboration for literature quality assessment,extracted trial data in duplicate,and then assessed the risk of bias.The data were discussed by adopting Review Manager 5.3 program.A total of 22 RCTs with 2574 cases were retrieved.Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture with CHM could improve the clinical effectiveness(OR6.10,95%CI 4.72–7.87,P<0.00001);heterogeneity was not identified(Chi^(2)=32.84,P=0.43,I^(2)=2%),and the difference was statistically significant.Second-level outcomes(e.g.,defecation interval time(P<0.00001),Bristol Stool Scale(P=0.002),defecation difficulty(P=0.01)and accompanying symptoms(P<0.00001))in the treatment groups were significantly different after the acupuncture with CHM compared with control groups,whereas defecation symptoms were not significantly different(P=0.06).The use of acupuncture with CHM can significantly improve the clinical efficacy of functional constipation,ameliorate Bristol Stool Scale,defecation difficulty,defecation symptoms,and accompanying symptoms,as well as shorten the defecation interval time,with better safety.