Anthocyanins are a group of flavonoids that are found ubiquitously in fruits and vegetables.They act as antioxidants in plants and are considered to have potential benefits to human health.The tomato cultivar'Indi...Anthocyanins are a group of flavonoids that are found ubiquitously in fruits and vegetables.They act as antioxidants in plants and are considered to have potential benefits to human health.The tomato cultivar'Indigo Rose'produces purple-skinned fruits that are rich in anthocyanins in fruit peel.The current study focussed on the detection of anthocyanins and examined the expression profiling of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes in Indigo Rose fruits grown under semi-closed greenhouse and fully controlled growth chamber conditions.The anthocyanin content in Indigo Rose fruits grown under growth chamber conditions with a long-day photoperiod and ambient temperature was higher than those grown in the greenhouse with a short-day photoperiod and high temperature.Under indoor growth conditions,moderate to high intensity of artificial light(160−240μmol m^(−2) s^(−1))and relatively low temperature(20−25℃)promoted anthocyanin production and accumulation in Indigo Rose fruits.The comparative studies on gene expression under different growth conditions also demonstrate that the expression levels of the structural and regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway have a positive correlation with the anthocyanin content in the fruit peel.The growth conditions identified in this study could be used to grow Indigo Rose in indoor farming in Singapore,where the tropical climate makes it challenging to set up a tomato plantation in an open field or greenhouse.展开更多
Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase（SERK）proteins play pivotal roles in regulation of plant development and immunity. The rice genome contains two SERK genes,OsSerk1 and OsSerk2. We previously demonstrated that Os...Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase（SERK）proteins play pivotal roles in regulation of plant development and immunity. The rice genome contains two SERK genes,OsSerk1 and OsSerk2. We previously demonstrated that OsSerk2 is required for rice Xa21-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae（Xoo） and for normal development. Here we report the molecular characterization of OsSerk1. Overexpression of OsSerk1 results in a semi-dwarf phenotype whereas silencing of OsSerk1 results in a reduced angle of the lamina joint. OsSerk1 is not required for rice resistance to Xoo or Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Os Serk1 in OsSerk2-silenced lines complements phenotypes associated with brassinosteroid（BR） signaling defects, but not the disease resistance phenotype mediated by Xa21. In yeast, OsSERK1 interacts with itself forming homodimers, and also interacts with the kinase domains of OsSERK2 and BRI1, respectively.OsSERK1 is a functional protein kinase capable of auto-phosphorylation in vitro. We conclude that, whereas OsSERK2 regulates both rice development and immunity, OsSERK1 functions in rice development but not immunity to Xoo and M. oryzae.展开更多
基金supported by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research (A*STAR)of the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Singapore under its Industry Alignment Fund Prepositioning (IAF-PP)with Grant No.A19E4a0101.
文摘Anthocyanins are a group of flavonoids that are found ubiquitously in fruits and vegetables.They act as antioxidants in plants and are considered to have potential benefits to human health.The tomato cultivar'Indigo Rose'produces purple-skinned fruits that are rich in anthocyanins in fruit peel.The current study focussed on the detection of anthocyanins and examined the expression profiling of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes in Indigo Rose fruits grown under semi-closed greenhouse and fully controlled growth chamber conditions.The anthocyanin content in Indigo Rose fruits grown under growth chamber conditions with a long-day photoperiod and ambient temperature was higher than those grown in the greenhouse with a short-day photoperiod and high temperature.Under indoor growth conditions,moderate to high intensity of artificial light(160−240μmol m^(−2) s^(−1))and relatively low temperature(20−25℃)promoted anthocyanin production and accumulation in Indigo Rose fruits.The comparative studies on gene expression under different growth conditions also demonstrate that the expression levels of the structural and regulatory genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway have a positive correlation with the anthocyanin content in the fruit peel.The growth conditions identified in this study could be used to grow Indigo Rose in indoor farming in Singapore,where the tropical climate makes it challenging to set up a tomato plantation in an open field or greenhouse.
基金supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (GM59962) to Pamela C. RonaldJiangsu Government scholarship for overseas study and the fund for short-term visit of foreign research fellows to Shimin Zuo+3 种基金National Science Fund of China (31171622 and 31371705)Sichuan ‘Hundred Talents Plan’ fund to Xuewei Chenan EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) long-term post-doctoral fellowship (ALTF 1290-2011)a Human Frontiers Science Program long-term post-doctoral fellowship (LT000674/2012) to Benjamin Schwessinger
文摘Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase（SERK）proteins play pivotal roles in regulation of plant development and immunity. The rice genome contains two SERK genes,OsSerk1 and OsSerk2. We previously demonstrated that OsSerk2 is required for rice Xa21-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae（Xoo） and for normal development. Here we report the molecular characterization of OsSerk1. Overexpression of OsSerk1 results in a semi-dwarf phenotype whereas silencing of OsSerk1 results in a reduced angle of the lamina joint. OsSerk1 is not required for rice resistance to Xoo or Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Os Serk1 in OsSerk2-silenced lines complements phenotypes associated with brassinosteroid（BR） signaling defects, but not the disease resistance phenotype mediated by Xa21. In yeast, OsSERK1 interacts with itself forming homodimers, and also interacts with the kinase domains of OsSERK2 and BRI1, respectively.OsSERK1 is a functional protein kinase capable of auto-phosphorylation in vitro. We conclude that, whereas OsSERK2 regulates both rice development and immunity, OsSERK1 functions in rice development but not immunity to Xoo and M. oryzae.
