Background: Cerebral blood vessels are mainly supplied by sympathetic nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglia and cerebral blood volume may be influenced by bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCG). ...Background: Cerebral blood vessels are mainly supplied by sympathetic nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglia and cerebral blood volume may be influenced by bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCG). Various stages of cerebral blood volume changes depended on the time following bilateral excision of SCG. In this study, we emphasize the subacute effect (two weeks) on the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). Material and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 ~ 400 gm (n = 20) were selected into two groups. Under the ambient temperature 20oC, the first group animals (n = 10) received sham operation and the other group animals (n = 10) underwent bilateral SCG. The LCBF and O2 delivery of 14 brain struc-tures were measured for each animal by the use of 14C-iodoantipyrine technique two weeks after the opera-tion. Results: The average of LCBF was decreased from 150 ml/100 gm/min to 129 ml/100 gm/min after bi-lateral SCG. Only the LCBF at basal ganglia was increased from 108 ml/min/100 g in the sham-operated group to 118 ml/min/100g in the SCG group. A mean of 14% reduction of LCBF was estimated. In 14 brain structures, the delivery amount of O2 was all decreased, except in basal ganglia. However, these changes of LCBF and the delivery amount of O2 at these 14 brain structures did not reach the significant differences. Conclusions: The present results show that chronic effect (two weeks) of bilateral SCG on LCBF was not only in a decrease of the LCBF, but also a decrease of local cerebral O2 delivery. However, the changes didn’t show the significant differences.展开更多
Most of the early prostate cancer has no obvious symptoms, but its malignancy metastasis will cause largely deaths. The treatment options for patients with prostate cancer include traditional surgery, external beam th...Most of the early prostate cancer has no obvious symptoms, but its malignancy metastasis will cause largely deaths. The treatment options for patients with prostate cancer include traditional surgery, external beam therapy, hormone therapy, small molecular drug and cryosurgery. It was considered non-traditional treatments also can be used in alternative medicines for prostate cancer therapy. There are well-known molecular mechanisms and their pathogenesis, which provide potential targets for drug screening on the prostate cancer. Currently, natural plant extracts or human tissues active ingredients are widely used for the treatment of cancer. Then isolated effective substances in the extract, and further prepared large amounts of small molecule drugs by chemical synthesis. In this review, we summarized four small molecular drugs, abiraterone, docetaxel, isochaihulactone and butylidenephthalide, and their detailed anti-tumor mechanisms. These indicate that small molecular drug is a very efficient way and can be used for prostate cancer treatment.展开更多
文摘Background: Cerebral blood vessels are mainly supplied by sympathetic nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglia and cerebral blood volume may be influenced by bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCG). Various stages of cerebral blood volume changes depended on the time following bilateral excision of SCG. In this study, we emphasize the subacute effect (two weeks) on the local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). Material and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 ~ 400 gm (n = 20) were selected into two groups. Under the ambient temperature 20oC, the first group animals (n = 10) received sham operation and the other group animals (n = 10) underwent bilateral SCG. The LCBF and O2 delivery of 14 brain struc-tures were measured for each animal by the use of 14C-iodoantipyrine technique two weeks after the opera-tion. Results: The average of LCBF was decreased from 150 ml/100 gm/min to 129 ml/100 gm/min after bi-lateral SCG. Only the LCBF at basal ganglia was increased from 108 ml/min/100 g in the sham-operated group to 118 ml/min/100g in the SCG group. A mean of 14% reduction of LCBF was estimated. In 14 brain structures, the delivery amount of O2 was all decreased, except in basal ganglia. However, these changes of LCBF and the delivery amount of O2 at these 14 brain structures did not reach the significant differences. Conclusions: The present results show that chronic effect (two weeks) of bilateral SCG on LCBF was not only in a decrease of the LCBF, but also a decrease of local cerebral O2 delivery. However, the changes didn’t show the significant differences.
文摘Most of the early prostate cancer has no obvious symptoms, but its malignancy metastasis will cause largely deaths. The treatment options for patients with prostate cancer include traditional surgery, external beam therapy, hormone therapy, small molecular drug and cryosurgery. It was considered non-traditional treatments also can be used in alternative medicines for prostate cancer therapy. There are well-known molecular mechanisms and their pathogenesis, which provide potential targets for drug screening on the prostate cancer. Currently, natural plant extracts or human tissues active ingredients are widely used for the treatment of cancer. Then isolated effective substances in the extract, and further prepared large amounts of small molecule drugs by chemical synthesis. In this review, we summarized four small molecular drugs, abiraterone, docetaxel, isochaihulactone and butylidenephthalide, and their detailed anti-tumor mechanisms. These indicate that small molecular drug is a very efficient way and can be used for prostate cancer treatment.
