Feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for lower rectal tumors with hemorrhoids

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for lower rectal lesions with hemorrhoids.METHODS: The outcome of ESD for 23 lesions with hemorrhoids(hemorrhoid group) was compared with that of 48 lesions without hemorrhoids extending to the dentate line(non-hemorrhoid group) during the same study period. RESULTS: Median operation times(ranges) in the hemorrhoid and non-hemorrhoid groups were 121(51-390) and 130(28-540) min. The en bloc resection rate and the curative resection rate in the hemorrhoid group were 96% and 83%, and they were 100% and 90% in the non-hemorrhoid group, respectively. In terms of adverse events, perforation and postoperative bleeding did not occur in both groups. In terms of the clinical course of hemorrhoids after ESD, the rate of complete recovery of hemorrhoids after ESD in lesions with resection of more than 90% was significantly higher than that in lesions with resection of less than 90%.CONCLUSION: ESD on lower rectal lesions with hemorrhoids could be performed safely, similarly to that on rectal lesions extending to the dentate line without hemorrhoids. In addition, all hemorrhoids after ESD improved to various degrees, depending on the resection range.

Gastric plexiform fibromyxoma resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection after observation of chronological changes:A case report

A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with a gastric submucosal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) revealed an iso/hypoechoic mass in the third layer. No malignant cells were detected in a histological examination. Yearly follow-up endoscopy and EUS showed the slow growth of the tumor. Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) was performed and a glistening tumor was resected. The lesion showed a multinodular plexiform growth pattern consisting of spindle cells with an abundant fibromyxoid stroma that was rich in small vessels. The tumor was diagnosed as plexiform fibromyxoma(PF) by immunohistochemistry. Although difficulties are associated with reaching a diagnosis preoperatively, chronological changes on EUS may contribute to the diagnosis of PF. ESD may also be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of PF.

Esophageal diverticulum exposed during endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial cancer

Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is now widely accepted as a strategy to treat superficial esophageal neoplasms.The rate of adverse events,such as perforation,has been decreasing with the improvement of devices and techniques.In this paper,we report a case of esophageal cancer that had a diverticulum under cancerous epithelium.The diverticulum was not detected during preoperative examination,and led to perforation during the ESD procedure.Our case shows that,although rare,some diverticula can exist underneath the mucosal surface without obvious depression.If there is any sign of hidden diverticula during ESD,surgeons should proceed with caution or,depending on the case,the procedure should be discontinued to avoid adverse events.

Efficacy of forced coagulation with low high-frequency power setting during endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM To investigated the hemostatic ability of the S and F1-10 methods in clinical and ex vivo studies.METHODS The hemostatic abilities of the two methods were analyzed retrospectively in all six gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection cases. The treated vessel diameter, compressed vessel frequency, and bleeding frequency after cutting the vessels were noted by therecorded videos. The coagulation mechanism of the two power settings was evaluated using the data recording program and histological examination on macro-and microscopic levels in the ex vivo experiments using porcine tissues.RESULTS F1-10 method showed a significantly better hemostatic ability for vessels ≥ 2 mm in diameter and a trend of overall better coagulation effect, evaluated by the bleeding rate after cutting the vessels. F1-10 method could sustain electrical current longer and effectively coagulate the tissue wider and deeper than the S method in the porcine model.CONCLUSION F1-10 method is suggested to achieve a stronger hemostatic effect than the S method in clinical procedures and ex vivo models.

Usefulness of a novel slim type Flush Knife-BT over conventional Flush Knife-BT in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection

AIM To investigated the usefulness of a novel slim type balltipped Flush Knife (Flush Knife-BTS) over ball-tipped Flush Knife (Flush Knife-BT) in functional experiments and clinical practice.METHODS In order to evaluate the functionality of Flush KnifeBTS, water aspiration speed, resistance to knife insertion through the scope, and waterjet flushing speed were compared between Flush Knife-BTS and BT. In clinical practice, esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) performed using Flush Knife-BTS or BT by an experienced endoscopist between October 2015 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The treatment speed and frequency of removing and reinserting the knife to aspirate fluid and air during ESD sessions were analyzed.RESULTS Functional experiments revealed that water aspiration speed by the endoscope equipped with a 2.8-mm working channel with Flush Knife-BTS was 7.7-fold faster than that with conventional Flush Knife-BT. Resistance to knife insertion inside the scope with a 2.8-mm working channel was reduced by 40% with FlushK nife-BTS. The waterjet flushing speed was faster with the use of Flush Knife-BT. In clinical practice, a comparison of 6 and 7 ESD using Flush Knife-BT and BTS, respectively, revealed that the median treatment speed was 25.5 mm2/min (range 19.6-30.3) in the BT group and 44.2 mm2/min(range 15.5-55.4) in the BTS group (P = 0.0633). However, the median treatment speed was significantly faster with Flush Knife-BTS when the resection size was larger than 1000 m2(n = 4, median 24.2 mm2/min, range 19.6-27.7 vs n = 4, median 47.4 mm2/min, range 44.2-55.4, P = 0.0209). The frequency of knife replacement was less in the BTS group (median 1.76 times in one hour, range 0-5.45) than in the BT group (7.02 times in one hour, range 4.23-15)(P = 0.0065).CONCLUSION Our results indicate that FlushK nife-BTS enhances the performance of ESD, particularly for large lesions, by improving air and fluid aspiration and knife insertion during ESD and reducing the frequency of knife removal and reinsertion.