Nucleus-targeting orange-emissive carbon dots delivery adriamycin for enhanced anti-liver cancer therapy

Carbon dots(CDs)with precise targeting function show great potential in the field of drug delivery therapeutics.In this study,the functionalized nucleus-targeting orange-emissive CDs with nuclear localization sequence(NLS)were loaded with adriamycin(DOX)to obtain a nucleus-targeting orange-emissive CDs drug delivery system(CDs-NLS-DOX),which delivered DOX to tumor cell nuclei to enhance its anti-tumor activity.The drug carrier orange-emissive CDs showed excitation-independent behavior,stable and enhanced imaging capability and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo.Meanwhile,the CDs-NLS could target the nuclei efficiently,and the CDs-NLS-DOX complexes had a high drug loading rate(59.4%)after loading DOX,exhibiting p H-dependent DOX release behavior through breaking acylhydrazone bond in a weak acidic environment.In addition,the CDs-NLS-DOX complexes exhibited an enhanced killing activity against human hepatoma cells(HepG2).The in vivo therapeutic effects on HepG2 nude mice transplanted tumors indicated the CDs-NLS-DOX had a stronger ability to inhibit tumor growth compared to free DOX.In short,CDs-NLS-DOX is expected to be a precise and efficient nucleus-targeting nano-drug delivery system for tumor treatment.

Status of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal hypertension in China:A national survey analysis

Aim:The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)procedure has been performed in China for 30 years,but our understanding of the status and difficulties associated with the use of TIPS for portal hypertension is incomplete.This study aims to investigate the current situation of the use of TIPS for portal hypertension,which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:This study involved a questionnaire survey,initiated by the China Portal Hypertension Alliance(CHESS)to investigate the use of TIPS for portal hypertension in China.Questionnaires were released on the Internet between August 16,2022 and September 16,2022.Detailed information was collected from 545 hospitals contracted by the CHESS in China,which performed TIPS surgery in 2021.Results:The 545 hospitals covers the majority of hospitals in China that conduct TIPS intervention.In the survey,a total of 13,527 TIPS interventions were carried out with 94.1%(498/545)of them had a system of routine follow‐up after TIPS.The majority(42.6%[232/545])believed that the main indication of TIPS was the control of acute bleeding.Overall,48.1%(262/545)carried out early or pre‐emptive TIPS,53.0%(289/545)carried out TIPS for cavernous transformation of the portal vein,and 81.0%(441/545)chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation.Most used coils(97.0%[475/490])and biological glue(72.0%[353/490])as embolic materials,and 78.5%(428/545)routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements.When selecting TIPS stents,57.1%(311/545)chose viator‐specific stents,and 57.2%(312/545)chose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS.Conventional anticoagulation after TIPS is over a time interval of 3–6 months(55.4%[173/312]).The limitation of TIPS surgery is mainly its cost(72.3%[394/545])and insufficient understanding of the procedure by doctors in other related departments(77.4%[422/545]).Most of the hospital teams accept the use of domestic instruments in TIPS surgery(92.7%[505/545]).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS is an essential part of the treatment of portal hypertension in China.TIPS is widely used in Chinese patients with portal hypertension,and this survey presents a more comprehensive picture of the options and difficulties encountered in the implementation of TIPS.In the future,it is necessary to promote TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications,routine operations,and instrument application.

碳量子点激发依赖荧光特性的机理、调控及应用

碳量子点(carbon dots,CDs)是一种具有强荧光、荧光波长可调、无光漂白等特性的新型荧光纳米粒子,其制备简单、成本低,而且具有良好的生物相容性和低毒性,在光电器件、生物传感及药物载体等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。其具有的独特激发依赖荧光特性是指随着激发波长的改变,其发射波长将随之改变,所以,通过调节激发波长即可实现CDs的连续全色发射,可为其在多色成像生物领域提供可能性。此外,在长波长激发下,CDs发射波长甚至可以延续到近红外区域,展现出在活体成像领域的应用前景。因此,探索CDs激发依赖荧光特性的机理是非常重要的,这将为实现CDs的激发依赖荧光特性提供理论指导。本文就近年来人们对于CDs激发依赖荧光特性的研究进行了综述,重点概述了CDs激发依赖荧光特性的机理、调控实现CDs激发依赖荧光特性的方法及CDs激发依赖荧光特性的应用。目前,CDs激发依赖荧光特性的机理主要包括:不同表面态的分布、宽的尺寸分布、碳核结构的存在及周围慢的溶剂弛豫;实现CDs激发依赖荧光特性的方法主要有:对表面态的控制、尺寸分布的控制及碳核结构的控制;CDs激发依赖荧光特性的应用主要表现在细胞成像和光电器件。最后,对这一特性研究中尚存在的问题进行了总结并且展望了其发展前景。

手性碳量子点的制备及其应用

手性碳量子点(CQDs)因兼具优异的荧光性质、良好的生物相容性、较低的毒性、易于功能化以及手性特征等,在催化、检测和生物医学等领域具有广阔的应用潜力。目前,通过一步法或两步法制备的手性CQDs,已应用于手性催化、手性检测、高尔基体靶向成像、选择性调控酶和蛋白活性、选择性调控细胞能量代谢和促进植物生长等领域。然而,手性CQDs的发展初露头角,需进一步完善可控合成工艺,制备高荧光量子产率的长波长手性CQDs,使其在生物医学等领域绽放异彩。

Green-emissive carbon quantum dots with high fluorescence quantum yield:Preparation and cell imaging

High fluorescence quantum yield(QY),excellent fluorescence stability,and low toxicity are essential for a good cellular imaging fluorescent probe.Green-emissive carbon quantum dots(CQDs)with many advantages,such as unique fluorescence properties,anti-photobleaching,low toxicity,fine biocompatibility and high penetration depth in tissues,have been considered as a potential candidate in cell imaging fluorescent probes.Herein,N,S-codoped green-emissive CQDs(QY=64.03%)were synthesized by the one-step hydrothermal method,with m-phenylenediamine as the carbon and nitrogen source,and L-cysteine as the nitrogen and sulfur dopant,under the optimum condition of 200℃ reaction for 2 h.Their luminescence was found to originate from the surface state.In light of the satisfactory photobleaching resistance and the low cytotoxicity,CQDs were used as a cell imaging probe for HeLa cell imaging.The results clearly indicate that cells can be labeled with CQDs,which can not only enter the cytoplasm,but also enter the nucleus through the nuclear pore,showing their broad application prospect in the field of cell imaging.