Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone marrow.Although various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia,understanding the molecular pathways invo...Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone marrow.Although various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia,understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of leukemia is necessary.Recent studies showed that leukemia stem cells(LSCs)play essential roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia by targeting several signaling pathways,including Notch,Wnt,Hedgehog,and STAT3.LSCs are highly proliferative cells that stimulate tumor initiation,migration,EMT,and drug resistance.This review summarizes cellular pathways that stimulate and prevent LSCs'self-renewal,metastasis,and tumorigenesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells （BM-MSCs） are an essential cell type in the hematopoietic microenvironment. The question of whether MSCs from patients with different leukemias have cytogenetic abn...BACKGROUND： Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells （BM-MSCs） are an essential cell type in the hematopoietic microenvironment. The question of whether MSCs from patients with different leukemias have cytogenetic abnormalities is controversial. In this study, we attempted to review the cytogenetic profiles of MSCs in patients with leukemia, and verify whether these profiles were related to different ex vivo culture conditions or to chronic or acute disease states. This information could be useful in clarifying the origin of MSCs and developing clinical applications for this cell type. METHODS： A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed search engine. Studies published over the past 15 years, i.e., between 1995 and January 2015, were considered for review. The following keywords were used： ＂cytogenetic,＂ ＂leukemia,＂ ＂bone marrow,＂ and ＂mesenchymal stromal cells.＂ RESULTS： Some studies demonstrated that BM-MSCs are cytogenetically normal, whereas others provided evidence of aberrations in these cells. CONCLUSIONS： Studying cytogenetic changes of MSCs in a variety of leukemias will help researchers understand the nature of these tumors and ensure the safety of human stem cells in clinical applications.展开更多
The myeloid extramedullary tumor is a solid tumor formed by infiltration of immature myeloid cells in various tissues of the body.This tumor is also identified as chloroma or myeloid sarcoma(MS).MS is a manifestation ...The myeloid extramedullary tumor is a solid tumor formed by infiltration of immature myeloid cells in various tissues of the body.This tumor is also identified as chloroma or myeloid sarcoma(MS).MS is a manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)occurring at presentation or during treatment or relapse.MS is associated with multiple chromosomal abnormalities and molecular mutations since patients with these disorders bear a high potential for MS manifestation.There is a high incidence of extramedullary infiltration(EMI)in AML.AML patients with EMI have a worse prognosis than patients without it.Hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells reside in a special bone marrow microenvironment called niche,which is essential for their normal functions.Cancers are exploited dysfunctional cell-cell and matrix-cell interactions,which convert a normal niche into a neoplastic niche.This study summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular characteristics of AML with EMI and extramedullary niches in AML patients.展开更多
文摘Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone marrow.Although various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia,understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of leukemia is necessary.Recent studies showed that leukemia stem cells(LSCs)play essential roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia by targeting several signaling pathways,including Notch,Wnt,Hedgehog,and STAT3.LSCs are highly proliferative cells that stimulate tumor initiation,migration,EMT,and drug resistance.This review summarizes cellular pathways that stimulate and prevent LSCs'self-renewal,metastasis,and tumorigenesis.
文摘BACKGROUND： Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells （BM-MSCs） are an essential cell type in the hematopoietic microenvironment. The question of whether MSCs from patients with different leukemias have cytogenetic abnormalities is controversial. In this study, we attempted to review the cytogenetic profiles of MSCs in patients with leukemia, and verify whether these profiles were related to different ex vivo culture conditions or to chronic or acute disease states. This information could be useful in clarifying the origin of MSCs and developing clinical applications for this cell type. METHODS： A systematic literature search was performed using the PubMed search engine. Studies published over the past 15 years, i.e., between 1995 and January 2015, were considered for review. The following keywords were used： ＂cytogenetic,＂ ＂leukemia,＂ ＂bone marrow,＂ and ＂mesenchymal stromal cells.＂ RESULTS： Some studies demonstrated that BM-MSCs are cytogenetically normal, whereas others provided evidence of aberrations in these cells. CONCLUSIONS： Studying cytogenetic changes of MSCs in a variety of leukemias will help researchers understand the nature of these tumors and ensure the safety of human stem cells in clinical applications.
文摘The myeloid extramedullary tumor is a solid tumor formed by infiltration of immature myeloid cells in various tissues of the body.This tumor is also identified as chloroma or myeloid sarcoma(MS).MS is a manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)occurring at presentation or during treatment or relapse.MS is associated with multiple chromosomal abnormalities and molecular mutations since patients with these disorders bear a high potential for MS manifestation.There is a high incidence of extramedullary infiltration(EMI)in AML.AML patients with EMI have a worse prognosis than patients without it.Hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells reside in a special bone marrow microenvironment called niche,which is essential for their normal functions.Cancers are exploited dysfunctional cell-cell and matrix-cell interactions,which convert a normal niche into a neoplastic niche.This study summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular and cellular characteristics of AML with EMI and extramedullary niches in AML patients.
