Dimension-Enhanced Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Combined with Intelligent Peak Annotation for the Rapid Characterization of the Multiple Components from Seeds of Descurainia sophia

The complex composition of herbal metabolites necessitates the development of powerful analytical techniques aimed to identify the bioactive components.The seeds of Descurainia sophia(SDS)are utilized in China as a cough and asthma relieving agent.Herein,a dimension-enhanced integral approach,by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IMQTOF-MS)and intelligent peak annotation,was developed to rapidly characterize the multicomponents from SDS.Good chromatographic separation was achieved within 38 min on a UPLC CSH C18(2.1×100 mm,1.7μm)column which was eluted by 0.1%formic acid in water(water phase)and acetonitrile(organic phase).Collision-induced dissociation-MS^(2)data were acquired by the data-independent high-definition MS^(E)(HDMS^(E))in both the negative and positive electrospray ionization modes.A major components knockout strategy was applied to improve the characterization of those minor ingredients by enhancing the injection volume.Moreover,a self-built chemistry library was established,which could be matched by the UNIFI software enabling automatic peak annotation of the obtained HDMS^(E)data.As a result of applying the intelligent peak annotation workflows and further confirmation process,a total of 53 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized from the SDS,including 29 flavonoids,one uridine derivative,four glucosides,one lignin,one phenolic compound,and 17 others.Notably,four-dimensional information related to the structure(e.g.,retention time,collision cross section,MS^(1)and MS^(2)data)was obtained for each component by the developed integral approach,and the results would greatly benefit the quality control of SDS.

Calixarenes enabling well-adjusted organic-inorganic interface for inverted organic solar cells with 18.25%efficiency and multifold improved photostability under max power point tracking

Compared with organic solar cells(OSCs) adopting conventional architecture,inverted OSCs have offered generally better stability,where Zn O is the most widely used electron transporting layer(ETL) material.For ZnO-based inverted OSCs,a welltuned interface of organic(active layer)-inorganic(Zn O film) with matched surface energy(γS) is critical for both high performance and high stability.In this work,two typical calixarenes,C4A and Bu C4A,were employed as the tuning agents to adjust this organic-inorganic interface for ZnO-based inverted OSCs.As a result,with PM6:L8-BO as the active layer,significantly promoted power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) from 17.14%(for ZnO) to 18.25%(for ZnO/C4A) and 17.80%(for ZnO/Bu C4A) were achieved.Photodynamic studies indicate that the enhanced performance is due to the faster charge extraction process,the suppressed recombination and more ideal internal electric field in ZnO/calixarene-based devices.In addition,wellmatched interface energy and more ordered molecular aggregation in active layer effectively improved photostability and thermal stability for ZnO/calixarene-based devices.These results indicate that calixarenes could act as effective modifying agents of ZnO to improve inverted OSCs’ performance and stability simultaneously,and likely also stimulate calixarenes’ and other macromolecules’ broader studies in other organic electronic devices.

Recent progress in flexible organic solar cells

Photovoltaic cells are one of the most promising renewable energy sources to address energy and environmental issues.Amongst the many photovoltaic technologies,organic solar cells(OSCs)have numerous advantages,such as low cost,light weight,semi-transparency,and flexibility.This last is a special merit of OSCs,arising due to the intrinsic flexibility of organic active layers.With promising applications in fields such as building-integrated photovoltaics and wearable electronics,flexible OSCs(F-OSCs)have developed rapidly,and significant process has been made in recent years.In this review,we summarize the recent progress in F-OSCs from the perspective of flexible transparent electrodes.In addition,large-area F-OSCs and their potential applications are briefly dis-cussed.Finally,challenges for the further development of F-OSCs are presented.

控制气管插管套囊压力与术后并发症关系的多中心研究

背景与气管插管相关的术后呼吸系统并发症通常表现为咳嗽、咽喉痛、声嘶、痰中带血。该研究中，我们研究了短时间（数小时）测量和控制气管插管套囊（endotracheal tube cuff，ETrc）压力对术后并发症的影响。方法选择中国上海4所大学附属三级医院拟在全身麻醉下行择期手术的患者509例，分为不测量ETTc压力的对照组和测量并调整ETTc压力的研究组，记录手术时间和插管时间。每组选择插管时间在120—180分钟的20例患者，拔管后即刻行纤维支气管镜检查。拔管后24小时记录咳嗽、咽喉痛、声嘶、痰中带血等气管插管相关并发症。结果两组间性别、年龄、身高、体重、手术时间和插管时问均无显著性差异。研究组调整前通过触摸指示气囊估计的平均ETTc压力为43±23．3mmHg（最高210mmHg），调整后为20±3．1mmHg（P〈0．001）。对照组术后咽喉痛、声嘶、痰中带血的发生率明显高于研究组。随着插管时间的增加，对照组中咽喉痛和痰中带血的发生率增加。研究组中咽喉痛的发生率也随插管时间增加而增加。对40例患者的纤维支气管镜检查结果显示支气管黏膜均有不同程度的损伤，对照组的损伤比研究组更严重。结论依据个人经验通过触捏估计ETTc压力明显高于测量结果或最适压力。即使在短时间（1—3小时）手术中，通过压力计合理控制ETTc压也有助于减少E]丌相关的咳嗽、咽喉痛、声嘶、痰中带血等术后呼吸系统并发症。

Improving current and mitigating energy loss in ternary organic photovoltaics enabled by two well-compatible small molecule acceptors

Ternary organic photovoltaic(OPV)strategy is an effective but facile approach to enhance the photovoltaic performance for single-junction devices.Herein,a series of ternary OPVs were fabricated by employing a wide bandgap donor(PBDB-TF)and two acceptor-donor-acceptor(A-D-A)-type nonfullerene small molecule acceptors(NF-SMAs,called F-2 Cl and 3 TT-OCIC).As the third component,the near-infrared SMA,3 TT-OCIC,has complementary absorption spectrum,narrow bandgap and wellcompatible crystallization property to the host acceptor(F-2 Cl)for efficient ternary OPVs.With these,the optimal ternary devices yield significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 15.23%,one of the very few examples with PCE higher than15%other than Y6 systems.This is mainly attributed to the increased short-circuit current density of 24.92 m A cm^(-2) and dramatically decreased energy loss of 0.53 e V.This work presents a successful example for simultaneously improving current,minimizing energy loss and together with modifying the morphology of active layers in OPVs,which will contribute to the further construction of high performance ternary OPVs.