A human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line with a low level of Bax inhibitor-1 expression was established by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In control SH-SY5Y cells, tunicam...A human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line with a low level of Bax inhibitor-1 expression was established by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In control SH-SY5Y cells, tunicamycin treatment induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis; however, after Bax inhibitor-1 gene knockdown, cell survival rates were significantly decreased and the degree of apoptosis was significantly increased following tunicamycin treatment In addition, chromatin condensation and apparent apoptotic phenomena, such as marginalization and cytoplasmic vesicles, were observed. Our findings indicate that Bax inhibitor-1 can delay apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress.展开更多
Background:The presence of fibrosis is a criterion for subtype classification in the newly updated hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP)guidelines.The present study aimed to summarize differences in clinical characteristic...Background:The presence of fibrosis is a criterion for subtype classification in the newly updated hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP)guidelines.The present study aimed to summarize differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis(NFHP)and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis(FHP)and explore factors associated with the presence of fibrosis.Methods:In this prospective cohort study,patients diagnosed with HP through a multidisciplinary discussion were enrolled.Collected data included demographic and clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,and radiologic and histopathological features.Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors related to the presence of fibrosis.Results:A total of 202 patients with HP were enrolled,including 87(43.1%)NFHP patients and 115(56.9%)FHP patients.Patients with FHP were older and more frequently presented with dyspnea,crackles,and digital clubbing than patients with NFHP.Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen 125,carbohydrate antigen 153,gastrin-releasing peptide precursor,squamous cell carcinoma antigen,and antigen cytokeratin 21-1,and count of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)eosinophils were higher in the FHP group than in the NFHP group.BAL lymphocytosis was present in both groups,but less pronounced in the FHP group.Multivariable regression analyses revealed that older age,<20%of lymphocyte in BAL,and≥1.75%of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors for the development of FHP.Twelve patients developed adverse outcomes,with a median survival time of 12.5 months,all of whom had FHP.Conclusions:Older age,<20%of lymphocyte in BAL,and≥1.75%of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors associated with the development of FHP.Prognosis of patients with NFHP was better than that of patients with FHP.These results may provide insights into the mechanisms of fibrosis in HP.展开更多
活性物质和电极的多孔结构设计是实现锂氧电池中氧气电极高容量和良好可逆性的关键措施.本文报道了一种创新的三维复刻策略,并用于设计锂氧电池氧气电极用多孔碳材料的三维结构.作为一个实例,采用聚多巴胺包覆层为碳源,通过完整复制纳...活性物质和电极的多孔结构设计是实现锂氧电池中氧气电极高容量和良好可逆性的关键措施.本文报道了一种创新的三维复刻策略,并用于设计锂氧电池氧气电极用多孔碳材料的三维结构.作为一个实例,采用聚多巴胺包覆层为碳源,通过完整复制纳米结构氧化锌模板的形貌,成功地制备了由扭曲的中空碳纳米片组装而成的花球状碳微球.作为氧气电极的活性物质,花球状碳微球的三维多孔结构不仅能容纳放电产物过氧化锂,同时也能保持离子和气体的扩散通道.此外,氮掺杂引入的高缺陷为氧还原/析出反应提供了充足的活性位点.从而,花球状碳微球表现出高达9163.7 mA h g^(-1)的比容量和优异的可逆性.本工作呈现了一种用于能源存储和转化的多孔碳材料的三维结构的有效可控制备方法,即复制过渡金属氧化物模板的纳米结构.展开更多
Semantic segmentation is a fundamental topic in computer vision. Since it is required to make dense predictions for an entire image, a network can hardly achieve good performance on various kinds of scenes. In this pa...Semantic segmentation is a fundamental topic in computer vision. Since it is required to make dense predictions for an entire image, a network can hardly achieve good performance on various kinds of scenes. In this paper, we propose a cascade coarse-to-fine network called CasNet, which focuses on regions that are difficult to make pixel-level labels. The CasNet comprises three branches. The first branch is designed to produce coarse predictions for easy-to-label pixel regions. The second one learns to distinguish the relatively difficult-to-label pixels from the entire image. Finally, the last branch generates final predictions by combining both the coarse and the fine prediction results through a weighting coefficient that is estimated by the second branch. Three branches focus on their own objectives and collaboratively learn to predict from coarse-to-fine predictions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed network, we conduct experiments on two public datasets: SIFT Flow and Stanford Background. We show that these three branches can be trained in an end-to-end manner, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CasNet outperforms existing state-of-the-art models, and it achieves prediction accuracy of 91.6% and 89.7% on SIFT Flow and Standford Background, respectively.展开更多
After leaving the testis,mammalian sperm undergo a sequential maturation process in the epididymis followed by capacitation during their movement through the female reproductive tract.These phenotypic changes are asso...After leaving the testis,mammalian sperm undergo a sequential maturation process in the epididymis followed by capacitation during their movement through the female reproductive tract.These phenotypic changes are associated with modification of protein phosphorylation and membrane remodeling,which is requisite for sperm to acquire forward motility and induce fertilization.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sperm maturation and capacitation are still not fully understood.Herein,we show that PPP3R2,a testis-specific regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 3(an isoform of calcineurin in the testis),is essential for sperm maturation and capacitation.Knockout of Ppp3r2 in mice leads to male sterility due to sperm motility impairment and morphological defects.One very noteworthy change includes increases in sperm membrane stiffness.Moreover,PPP3R2 regulates sperm maturation and capacitation via(i)modulation of membrane diffusion barrier function at the annulus and(ii)facilitation of cholesterol efflux during sperm capacitation.Taken together,PPP3R2 plays a critical role in modulating cholesterol efflux and mediating the dynamic control of membrane remodeling during sperm maturation and capacitation.展开更多
To the Editor:Neutral lipidd storage disease with myopathy(NLSDM)is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PNPLA2 gene.The gene encodes adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL),an enzyme that catalyze...To the Editor:Neutral lipidd storage disease with myopathy(NLSDM)is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PNPLA2 gene.The gene encodes adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL),an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue and plays key roles in the function of lipid droplets(LDs).The results of many biochemical studies have revealed intracellular localization of ATGLwithLDs,but catalyticactivity iscompletely lost in the context of PNPLA2mutation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30900802the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,No. 20070001801+1 种基金the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Beijing Education Bureauthe Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Science of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. J0630853/J0108
文摘A human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line with a low level of Bax inhibitor-1 expression was established by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In control SH-SY5Y cells, tunicamycin treatment induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis; however, after Bax inhibitor-1 gene knockdown, cell survival rates were significantly decreased and the degree of apoptosis was significantly increased following tunicamycin treatment In addition, chromatin condensation and apparent apoptotic phenomena, such as marginalization and cytoplasmic vesicles, were observed. Our findings indicate that Bax inhibitor-1 can delay apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress.
基金National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2500700 and 2016YFC0901100)
文摘Background:The presence of fibrosis is a criterion for subtype classification in the newly updated hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP)guidelines.The present study aimed to summarize differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis(NFHP)and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis(FHP)and explore factors associated with the presence of fibrosis.Methods:In this prospective cohort study,patients diagnosed with HP through a multidisciplinary discussion were enrolled.Collected data included demographic and clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,and radiologic and histopathological features.Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors related to the presence of fibrosis.Results:A total of 202 patients with HP were enrolled,including 87(43.1%)NFHP patients and 115(56.9%)FHP patients.Patients with FHP were older and more frequently presented with dyspnea,crackles,and digital clubbing than patients with NFHP.Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen 125,carbohydrate antigen 153,gastrin-releasing peptide precursor,squamous cell carcinoma antigen,and antigen cytokeratin 21-1,and count of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)eosinophils were higher in the FHP group than in the NFHP group.BAL lymphocytosis was present in both groups,but less pronounced in the FHP group.Multivariable regression analyses revealed that older age,<20%of lymphocyte in BAL,and≥1.75%of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors for the development of FHP.Twelve patients developed adverse outcomes,with a median survival time of 12.5 months,all of whom had FHP.Conclusions:Older age,<20%of lymphocyte in BAL,and≥1.75%of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors associated with the development of FHP.Prognosis of patients with NFHP was better than that of patients with FHP.These results may provide insights into the mechanisms of fibrosis in HP.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21673169 and 51672205)the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0202602)+1 种基金the Research Start-Up Fund from Wuhan University of Technologythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT: 2017IB005, 2016IVA083)
文摘活性物质和电极的多孔结构设计是实现锂氧电池中氧气电极高容量和良好可逆性的关键措施.本文报道了一种创新的三维复刻策略,并用于设计锂氧电池氧气电极用多孔碳材料的三维结构.作为一个实例,采用聚多巴胺包覆层为碳源,通过完整复制纳米结构氧化锌模板的形貌,成功地制备了由扭曲的中空碳纳米片组装而成的花球状碳微球.作为氧气电极的活性物质,花球状碳微球的三维多孔结构不仅能容纳放电产物过氧化锂,同时也能保持离子和气体的扩散通道.此外,氮掺杂引入的高缺陷为氧还原/析出反应提供了充足的活性位点.从而,花球状碳微球表现出高达9163.7 mA h g^(-1)的比容量和优异的可逆性.本工作呈现了一种用于能源存储和转化的多孔碳材料的三维结构的有效可控制备方法,即复制过渡金属氧化物模板的纳米结构.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB1302200)Joint Fund of NORINCO Group of China for Advanced Research(No.6141B010318)
文摘Semantic segmentation is a fundamental topic in computer vision. Since it is required to make dense predictions for an entire image, a network can hardly achieve good performance on various kinds of scenes. In this paper, we propose a cascade coarse-to-fine network called CasNet, which focuses on regions that are difficult to make pixel-level labels. The CasNet comprises three branches. The first branch is designed to produce coarse predictions for easy-to-label pixel regions. The second one learns to distinguish the relatively difficult-to-label pixels from the entire image. Finally, the last branch generates final predictions by combining both the coarse and the fine prediction results through a weighting coefficient that is estimated by the second branch. Three branches focus on their own objectives and collaboratively learn to predict from coarse-to-fine predictions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed network, we conduct experiments on two public datasets: SIFT Flow and Stanford Background. We show that these three branches can be trained in an end-to-end manner, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CasNet outperforms existing state-of-the-art models, and it achieves prediction accuracy of 91.6% and 89.7% on SIFT Flow and Standford Background, respectively.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81571487,81701503,and 81971437)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(16ZR1418600).
文摘After leaving the testis,mammalian sperm undergo a sequential maturation process in the epididymis followed by capacitation during their movement through the female reproductive tract.These phenotypic changes are associated with modification of protein phosphorylation and membrane remodeling,which is requisite for sperm to acquire forward motility and induce fertilization.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sperm maturation and capacitation are still not fully understood.Herein,we show that PPP3R2,a testis-specific regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 3(an isoform of calcineurin in the testis),is essential for sperm maturation and capacitation.Knockout of Ppp3r2 in mice leads to male sterility due to sperm motility impairment and morphological defects.One very noteworthy change includes increases in sperm membrane stiffness.Moreover,PPP3R2 regulates sperm maturation and capacitation via(i)modulation of membrane diffusion barrier function at the annulus and(ii)facilitation of cholesterol efflux during sperm capacitation.Taken together,PPP3R2 plays a critical role in modulating cholesterol efflux and mediating the dynamic control of membrane remodeling during sperm maturation and capacitation.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1304300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870072)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81700083)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2018-I2 M-1-003)Fund of China-Japan Friendship Hospital(No.2019-1-QN-58)。
文摘To the Editor:Neutral lipidd storage disease with myopathy(NLSDM)is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PNPLA2 gene.The gene encodes adipose triglyceride lipase(ATGL),an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue and plays key roles in the function of lipid droplets(LDs).The results of many biochemical studies have revealed intracellular localization of ATGLwithLDs,but catalyticactivity iscompletely lost in the context of PNPLA2mutation.
