Modern buildings and blocks in open port city, which are an essential part of the urban context, possess unspoken values of material properties and cultural resources for the urban future. According to the investigati...Modern buildings and blocks in open port city, which are an essential part of the urban context, possess unspoken values of material properties and cultural resources for the urban future. According to the investigation of Taiyanggou Block and Lvshun Industrial School Site in Lvshun (China), this paper aims to discuss the understanding and conservation of modern heritage. Firstly, it interprets the opening of modern Lvshun and the formation of Taiyanggou Block to provide the fundamental knowledge. After a brief introduction of Lvshun Industrial School Site, the paper analyzes the problems in conservation practice and proposes countermeasures on heritage management and reuse strategy. Finally, it indicates that to conserve modern heritage means to preserve and to enhance their integrated values of space and culture in the framework of local development.展开更多
Public high school in Lvshun is a typical example of modern school architecture in Dalian during the Japanese colonial period. This paper summarises the historical background, development and current situation of the ...Public high school in Lvshun is a typical example of modern school architecture in Dalian during the Japanese colonial period. This paper summarises the historical background, development and current situation of the old site of public high school in Lvshun by approaches such as historical literature research and present situation surveying. Then, it analyses the characteristics of public high schools in Lvshun in four aspects: architectural scale, plane function, architectural style and material structure. After that, the school is judged to have four dimensions of value: historical, technological, and cultural and use value. In the end, this paper explores the protection and reuse of the building from the aspects of authenticity, suitability and integrity. It is intended to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and reutilization of modern architectural heritage.展开更多
Years of intensive research has brought us extensive knowledge on the genetic and molecular factors involved in Alzheimer's disease(AD).In addition to the mutations in the three main causative genes of familial AD...Years of intensive research has brought us extensive knowledge on the genetic and molecular factors involved in Alzheimer's disease(AD).In addition to the mutations in the three main causative genes of familial AD(FAD)including presenilins and amyloid precursor protein genes,studies have identified several genes as the most plausible genes for the onset and progression of FAD,such as triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2,sortilin-related receptor 1,and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7.The apolipoprotein Eε4 allele is reported to be the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD(SAD),and it also plays an important role in FAD.Here,we reviewed recent developments in genetic and molecular studies that contributed to the understanding of the genetic phenotypes of FAD and compared them with SAD.We further reviewed the advancements in AD gene therapy and discussed the future perspectives based on the genetic phenotypes.展开更多
An accurate and detailed seismic landslide inventory is essential to better understand the landslide mechanism and susceptibility. The 8 th August 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake of China initiated a large number of...An accurate and detailed seismic landslide inventory is essential to better understand the landslide mechanism and susceptibility. The 8 th August 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake of China initiated a large number of coseismic landslides. The results of the post-seismic survey show the actual landslide number might be underestimated in previous publications. Coupled with field investigation and visual interpretation on high-resolution remote sensing images before and after the main shock, we established a detailed inventory of landslides triggered by the earthquake. Results show that this event caused at least 4 834 individual landslides with a total area of 9.64 km^2. They are concentrated in an elliptical area of 434 km^2, dominated by medium-and small-scale rock falls and debris slides. Statistics indicate that, except for slope aspect that seems not significantly correlated with the landsliding, these landslides are most common in the places with following features: elevation of 2 800–3 400 m, slope angle greater than 30o, slope positions of upper, middle and flat slopes, and Carboniferous limestone and dolomite. Besides, the landslide area percentage(LAP) and landslide number density(LND) values decrease with the increasing distance to river channels and roads, implying a positive correlation. Instead of centering around the epicenter, most of these coseismic landslides are distributed along the inferred seismogenic fault, which means that the seismogenic structure played a more important role than the location of the epicenter. Remarkable differences in landslide densities along the fault indicate the varied landslide susceptibility which may be attributed to other varied controls along the fault such as the rock mass strength. In sum, this study presents a more detailed inventory of the landslides triggered by the 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake, describes their distribution pattern and analyzes its control factors, which would be helpful to understand the genesis of the coseismic landslides and further study their long-term impact on the environment of the affected area.展开更多
The Litang fault is a left-lateral secondary shear zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan active block that accommodates the tectonic deformation associated with the eastward extrusion of the upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau. B...The Litang fault is a left-lateral secondary shear zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan active block that accommodates the tectonic deformation associated with the eastward extrusion of the upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 1 : 50 000 geological mapping of active faults, the Litang fault consists of three geometric segments, the Cuopuhu, Damaoyaba, and Litang segments, in the west of Litang, which are divided by the of Haizi Mountain uplift and the wide-angle bending and branching of the fault near Jinchanggou. This study also identifies the surface rupture of the A.D. 1890 earthquake, which is distributed intermittently along the ~28 km long Damaoyaba segments and ~25 km long Litang segments. The maximum horizontal displacement is 4.1 m along Damaoyaba segments, and 4 m along Litang segments. The rupture involves typical left-lateral shear movement. The two ruptures are divided by discontinuous segments or gaps that are ~18 km long;thus, the total surface rupture is approximately 71 km long. The estimated moment magnitude was M_(w)7.3±0.1. A comprehensive analysis of data obtained from 5 trenches excavated along the Damaoyaba and Litang segments and the trench data by Xu et al.(2005) identifies age constraints of the 4 most recent paleoseimic events occurred B.C. 1468±54–1340±25, B.C. 52±25–A.D. 76±47, A.D. 1115±90, and A.D. 1890, respectively. The recurrence intervals are 1 415±80, 1 104±104, and 775±90 a, which are consistent with quasi-periodic earthquake recurrence behavior. The average recurrence interval is 1 098±112 a.展开更多
The M_(w)6.4 earthquake on November 18, 2017 in Milin County, Nyingchi City, Tibet triggered thousands of landslides. By comparing visual interpretation of satellite images acquired shortly before and after the earthq...The M_(w)6.4 earthquake on November 18, 2017 in Milin County, Nyingchi City, Tibet triggered thousands of landslides. By comparing visual interpretation of satellite images acquired shortly before and after the earthquake and field survey, we have created a new landslide database which includes 3 130 coseismic landslides, each with an area of 0.01 to 4.35 km^(2). Six factors(elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, distance from the epicenter and distance from the seismogenic fault) were selected to correlate with the coseismic landslides. In addition, the area and density of landslides were counted as indicators. Results show that most landslides occurred where the elevation is between 2 000–3 000 m, with a 40°–50° slope angle and S, E or SE slope aspect, schist or gneiss lithologies, 10–15 km from the epicenter, and 5 km within the seismogenic fault. Most of the landslides, triggered by the M_(w)6.4 earthquake, are concentrated near the seismogenic fault rather than at the epicenter, indicating that the seismogenic structure is more influential than the location of the epicenter. Our findings may differ from other landslide database due to temporal image acquisition, interference from weather, and image resolution.展开更多
Defect engineering,especially oxygen vacancies(O-vacancies) introduction into metal oxide materials has been proved to be an effective strategy to manipulate their surface electron exchange processes.However,quantitat...Defect engineering,especially oxygen vacancies(O-vacancies) introduction into metal oxide materials has been proved to be an effective strategy to manipulate their surface electron exchange processes.However,quantitative investigation of O-vacancies on CO2 electroreduction still remains rather ambiguous.Herein,a series of nanoporous tin oxide(SnOx) materials have been prepared by thermal treatment at various temperatures and reaction conditions.The annealing temperature dependent Ovacancies property of the SnOx was revealed and attributed to the balance tunning of the desorption of oxygen species and the continous oxidation of SnOx.The as-prepared nanoporous SnOx with 300℃treatment was found to be highest O-vacant material and showed an impressive CO2 RR activity and selectivity towards the conversion of CO2 into formic acid(up to 88.6%),and superior HCOOH incomplete current density to other samples.The ideal performance of the O-vacancies rich SnOx-300 material can be ascribed to the high delocalized electron density inducing much enhanced adsorption of CO2 with O binding and benefiting the subsequent reduction with high selectively forming of formic acid.展开更多
钌(Ru)基催化剂是酸性介质中析氧反应(OER)最为活泼的催化剂之一.然而,Ru活性位点与含氧中间产物之间的强键合导致析氧反应过电势较高.本文,利用一系列稀土元素(Nd、Sm、Gd、Er和Yb)构建了烧绿石型稀土钌酸盐(RE_(2)Ru_(2)O_(7))结构来...钌(Ru)基催化剂是酸性介质中析氧反应(OER)最为活泼的催化剂之一.然而,Ru活性位点与含氧中间产物之间的强键合导致析氧反应过电势较高.本文,利用一系列稀土元素(Nd、Sm、Gd、Er和Yb)构建了烧绿石型稀土钌酸盐(RE_(2)Ru_(2)O_(7))结构来调整Ru位点的电子结构.表面结构分析表明,由于Ru-O键杂化减弱,随着稀土离子半径的增大,RE_(2)Ru_(2)O_(7)结构中缺陷氧含量增加(缺陷氧的比例从29.5%增加到49.7%).降低了的Ru的价态,扩大了Ru的4d能带中心与费米能级(E_(F))之间的间隙,从而削弱了对氧中间体的吸附,提高了酸性介质中的OER性能.在所制备的钌烧绿石中,Nd_(2)Ru_(2)O_(7)表现出最低的OER起始过电势(210 m V)和Tafel斜率(58.48 mV dec^(-1)),并且比最先进的RuO2催化剂具有高30倍的固有活性和更好的耐久性.展开更多
Modern power delivery systems are rapidly evolving with high proliferation of power-electronic(PE)-interfaced distributed energy resources(DERs).Compared to the conventional sources of generation,the PE-interfaced DER...Modern power delivery systems are rapidly evolving with high proliferation of power-electronic(PE)-interfaced distributed energy resources(DERs).Compared to the conventional sources of generation,the PE-interfaced DERs,e.g.,solar and wind resources,are attributed to substantially different characteristics such as lower overload capability and limited frequency response patterns.This paper focuses on effective management and control mechanisms for PE-interfaced DERs in power distribution systems with high penetration of renewables,particularly vailing conditions in the grid.To enhance the system performance resilience,we introduce an advanced model predictive control(MPC)based scheme to control the DER units,minimize the impact of transients and disruptions,speed up the response and recovery of particular metrics and parameters,and maintain an acceptable operation condition.The performance of the suggested control scheme is tested on a modified IEEE 34-bus test feeder,where the proposed solution demonstrates its effectiveness to minimize the system transient during faults,with an enhanced grid-edge and system-wide resilience characteristics in voltage profiles.展开更多
Developing efficient seawater-electrolysis system for mass production of hydrogen is highly desirable due to the abundance of seawater.However,continuous electrolysis with seawater feeding boosts the concentration of ...Developing efficient seawater-electrolysis system for mass production of hydrogen is highly desirable due to the abundance of seawater.However,continuous electrolysis with seawater feeding boosts the concentration of sodium chloride in the electrolyzer,leading to severe electrode corrosion and chlorine evolution.Herein,the common-ion effect was utilized into the electrolyzer to depress the solubility of NaCl.Specifically,utilization of 6M NaOH halved the solubility of NaCl in the electrolyte,affording efficient,durable,and sustained seawater electrolysis in NaCl-saturated electrolytes with triple production of H_(2),O_(2),and crystalline NaCl.Ternary NiCoFe phosphide was employed as a bifunctional anode and cathode in simulative and Ca/Mg-free seawater-electrolysis systems,which could stably work under 500 mA/cm^(2) for over 100 h.We attribute the high stability to the increased Na^(+)concentration,which reduces the concentration of dissolved Cl-in the electrolyte according to the common-ion effect,resulting in crystallization of NaCl,eliminated anode corrosion,and chlorine oxidation during continuous supplementation of Ca/Mg-free seawater to the electrolysis system.展开更多
The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors,such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4,has played an important role in the development of cancer immunotherapy.However,immune-related adverse events often occur because of the enha...The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors,such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4,has played an important role in the development of cancer immunotherapy.However,immune-related adverse events often occur because of the enhanced immune response enabled by these agents.Antibiotics are widely applied in clinical treatment,and they are inevitably used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Clinical practice has revealed that antibiotics can weaken the therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is essential for the interaction between immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics,although the exact mechanisms remain unclear.This review focuses on the interactions between immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics,with an in-depth discussion about the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of modulating gut microbiota,as well as other new combination strategies.展开更多
Computer-aided protein-coding gene prediction in uncharacterized genomic DNA sequences is one of the most important issues of bio- logical signal processing. A modified filter method based on a statistically optimal n...Computer-aided protein-coding gene prediction in uncharacterized genomic DNA sequences is one of the most important issues of bio- logical signal processing. A modified filter method based on a statistically optimal null filter （SONF） theory is proposed for recognizing protein-coding regions. The square deviation gain （SDG） between the input and output of the model is used to identify the coding regions. The effective SDG amplification model with Class I and Class II enhancement is designed to suppress the non-coding regions. Also, an evaluation algorithm has been used to compare the modified model with most gene prediction methods currently available in terms of sensitivity, specificity and precision. The performance for identification of protein-coding regions has been evaluated at the nucleotide level using benchmark datasets and 91.4%, 96%, 93.7% were obtained for sensitivity, specificity and precision, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed model is potentially useful in gene finding field, which can help recognize protein-coding regions with higher precision and speed than present algorithms.展开更多
文摘Modern buildings and blocks in open port city, which are an essential part of the urban context, possess unspoken values of material properties and cultural resources for the urban future. According to the investigation of Taiyanggou Block and Lvshun Industrial School Site in Lvshun (China), this paper aims to discuss the understanding and conservation of modern heritage. Firstly, it interprets the opening of modern Lvshun and the formation of Taiyanggou Block to provide the fundamental knowledge. After a brief introduction of Lvshun Industrial School Site, the paper analyzes the problems in conservation practice and proposes countermeasures on heritage management and reuse strategy. Finally, it indicates that to conserve modern heritage means to preserve and to enhance their integrated values of space and culture in the framework of local development.
文摘Public high school in Lvshun is a typical example of modern school architecture in Dalian during the Japanese colonial period. This paper summarises the historical background, development and current situation of the old site of public high school in Lvshun by approaches such as historical literature research and present situation surveying. Then, it analyses the characteristics of public high schools in Lvshun in four aspects: architectural scale, plane function, architectural style and material structure. After that, the school is judged to have four dimensions of value: historical, technological, and cultural and use value. In the end, this paper explores the protection and reuse of the building from the aspects of authenticity, suitability and integrity. It is intended to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and reutilization of modern architectural heritage.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20354)Beijing Brain Initiative from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z201100005520016,Z201100005520017)+4 种基金National major R&D projects of China-Scientific technological innovation 2030(2021ZD0201802)the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project(31627803)the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81530036)Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101503)Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation.
文摘Years of intensive research has brought us extensive knowledge on the genetic and molecular factors involved in Alzheimer's disease(AD).In addition to the mutations in the three main causative genes of familial AD(FAD)including presenilins and amyloid precursor protein genes,studies have identified several genes as the most plausible genes for the onset and progression of FAD,such as triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2,sortilin-related receptor 1,and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7.The apolipoprotein Eε4 allele is reported to be the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD(SAD),and it also plays an important role in FAD.Here,we reviewed recent developments in genetic and molecular studies that contributed to the understanding of the genetic phenotypes of FAD and compared them with SAD.We further reviewed the advancements in AD gene therapy and discussed the future perspectives based on the genetic phenotypes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41661144037)
文摘An accurate and detailed seismic landslide inventory is essential to better understand the landslide mechanism and susceptibility. The 8 th August 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake of China initiated a large number of coseismic landslides. The results of the post-seismic survey show the actual landslide number might be underestimated in previous publications. Coupled with field investigation and visual interpretation on high-resolution remote sensing images before and after the main shock, we established a detailed inventory of landslides triggered by the earthquake. Results show that this event caused at least 4 834 individual landslides with a total area of 9.64 km^2. They are concentrated in an elliptical area of 434 km^2, dominated by medium-and small-scale rock falls and debris slides. Statistics indicate that, except for slope aspect that seems not significantly correlated with the landsliding, these landslides are most common in the places with following features: elevation of 2 800–3 400 m, slope angle greater than 30o, slope positions of upper, middle and flat slopes, and Carboniferous limestone and dolomite. Besides, the landslide area percentage(LAP) and landslide number density(LND) values decrease with the increasing distance to river channels and roads, implying a positive correlation. Instead of centering around the epicenter, most of these coseismic landslides are distributed along the inferred seismogenic fault, which means that the seismogenic structure played a more important role than the location of the epicenter. Remarkable differences in landslide densities along the fault indicate the varied landslide susceptibility which may be attributed to other varied controls along the fault such as the rock mass strength. In sum, this study presents a more detailed inventory of the landslides triggered by the 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake, describes their distribution pattern and analyzes its control factors, which would be helpful to understand the genesis of the coseismic landslides and further study their long-term impact on the environment of the affected area.
基金This research was supported by the“China Seismic Active Fault Exploration,Central-South Segment Project of the NorthSouth Seismic Belt”of the China Earthquake Administrationthe National Science Foundation of China(No.41372114)。
文摘The Litang fault is a left-lateral secondary shear zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan active block that accommodates the tectonic deformation associated with the eastward extrusion of the upper crust of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 1 : 50 000 geological mapping of active faults, the Litang fault consists of three geometric segments, the Cuopuhu, Damaoyaba, and Litang segments, in the west of Litang, which are divided by the of Haizi Mountain uplift and the wide-angle bending and branching of the fault near Jinchanggou. This study also identifies the surface rupture of the A.D. 1890 earthquake, which is distributed intermittently along the ~28 km long Damaoyaba segments and ~25 km long Litang segments. The maximum horizontal displacement is 4.1 m along Damaoyaba segments, and 4 m along Litang segments. The rupture involves typical left-lateral shear movement. The two ruptures are divided by discontinuous segments or gaps that are ~18 km long;thus, the total surface rupture is approximately 71 km long. The estimated moment magnitude was M_(w)7.3±0.1. A comprehensive analysis of data obtained from 5 trenches excavated along the Damaoyaba and Litang segments and the trench data by Xu et al.(2005) identifies age constraints of the 4 most recent paleoseimic events occurred B.C. 1468±54–1340±25, B.C. 52±25–A.D. 76±47, A.D. 1115±90, and A.D. 1890, respectively. The recurrence intervals are 1 415±80, 1 104±104, and 775±90 a, which are consistent with quasi-periodic earthquake recurrence behavior. The average recurrence interval is 1 098±112 a.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1504703)。
文摘The M_(w)6.4 earthquake on November 18, 2017 in Milin County, Nyingchi City, Tibet triggered thousands of landslides. By comparing visual interpretation of satellite images acquired shortly before and after the earthquake and field survey, we have created a new landslide database which includes 3 130 coseismic landslides, each with an area of 0.01 to 4.35 km^(2). Six factors(elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, distance from the epicenter and distance from the seismogenic fault) were selected to correlate with the coseismic landslides. In addition, the area and density of landslides were counted as indicators. Results show that most landslides occurred where the elevation is between 2 000–3 000 m, with a 40°–50° slope angle and S, E or SE slope aspect, schist or gneiss lithologies, 10–15 km from the epicenter, and 5 km within the seismogenic fault. Most of the landslides, triggered by the M_(w)6.4 earthquake, are concentrated near the seismogenic fault rather than at the epicenter, indicating that the seismogenic structure is more influential than the location of the epicenter. Our findings may differ from other landslide database due to temporal image acquisition, interference from weather, and image resolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,National Key Research and Development Project (No.2016YFF0204402)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in the University+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe longterm subsidy mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of PRC
文摘Defect engineering,especially oxygen vacancies(O-vacancies) introduction into metal oxide materials has been proved to be an effective strategy to manipulate their surface electron exchange processes.However,quantitative investigation of O-vacancies on CO2 electroreduction still remains rather ambiguous.Herein,a series of nanoporous tin oxide(SnOx) materials have been prepared by thermal treatment at various temperatures and reaction conditions.The annealing temperature dependent Ovacancies property of the SnOx was revealed and attributed to the balance tunning of the desorption of oxygen species and the continous oxidation of SnOx.The as-prepared nanoporous SnOx with 300℃treatment was found to be highest O-vacant material and showed an impressive CO2 RR activity and selectivity towards the conversion of CO2 into formic acid(up to 88.6%),and superior HCOOH incomplete current density to other samples.The ideal performance of the O-vacancies rich SnOx-300 material can be ascribed to the high delocalized electron density inducing much enhanced adsorption of CO2 with O binding and benefiting the subsequent reduction with high selectively forming of formic acid.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFB1502401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21771018 and 21875004)+3 种基金the Royal Society and Newton Fund through Newton Advanced Fellowship award(NAF\R1\191294)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovation Research Team in the University(IRT1205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe long-term subsidy mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of China。
文摘钌(Ru)基催化剂是酸性介质中析氧反应(OER)最为活泼的催化剂之一.然而,Ru活性位点与含氧中间产物之间的强键合导致析氧反应过电势较高.本文,利用一系列稀土元素(Nd、Sm、Gd、Er和Yb)构建了烧绿石型稀土钌酸盐(RE_(2)Ru_(2)O_(7))结构来调整Ru位点的电子结构.表面结构分析表明,由于Ru-O键杂化减弱,随着稀土离子半径的增大,RE_(2)Ru_(2)O_(7)结构中缺陷氧含量增加(缺陷氧的比例从29.5%增加到49.7%).降低了的Ru的价态,扩大了Ru的4d能带中心与费米能级(E_(F))之间的间隙,从而削弱了对氧中间体的吸附,提高了酸性介质中的OER性能.在所制备的钌烧绿石中,Nd_(2)Ru_(2)O_(7)表现出最低的OER起始过电势(210 m V)和Tafel斜率(58.48 mV dec^(-1)),并且比最先进的RuO2催化剂具有高30倍的固有活性和更好的耐久性.
文摘Modern power delivery systems are rapidly evolving with high proliferation of power-electronic(PE)-interfaced distributed energy resources(DERs).Compared to the conventional sources of generation,the PE-interfaced DERs,e.g.,solar and wind resources,are attributed to substantially different characteristics such as lower overload capability and limited frequency response patterns.This paper focuses on effective management and control mechanisms for PE-interfaced DERs in power distribution systems with high penetration of renewables,particularly vailing conditions in the grid.To enhance the system performance resilience,we introduce an advanced model predictive control(MPC)based scheme to control the DER units,minimize the impact of transients and disruptions,speed up the response and recovery of particular metrics and parameters,and maintain an acceptable operation condition.The performance of the suggested control scheme is tested on a modified IEEE 34-bus test feeder,where the proposed solution demonstrates its effectiveness to minimize the system transient during faults,with an enhanced grid-edge and system-wide resilience characteristics in voltage profiles.
基金We acknowledge helpful discussion with Prof.Hongjie Dai.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)the National Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2018YFB1502401 and 2018YFA0702002)+4 种基金the Royal Society and the Newton Fund through the Newton Advanced Fellowship award(NAF\R1\191294)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovation Research Team in the University(No.IRT1205)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.BX20200336)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe long-term subsidy mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of PRC.
文摘Developing efficient seawater-electrolysis system for mass production of hydrogen is highly desirable due to the abundance of seawater.However,continuous electrolysis with seawater feeding boosts the concentration of sodium chloride in the electrolyzer,leading to severe electrode corrosion and chlorine evolution.Herein,the common-ion effect was utilized into the electrolyzer to depress the solubility of NaCl.Specifically,utilization of 6M NaOH halved the solubility of NaCl in the electrolyte,affording efficient,durable,and sustained seawater electrolysis in NaCl-saturated electrolytes with triple production of H_(2),O_(2),and crystalline NaCl.Ternary NiCoFe phosphide was employed as a bifunctional anode and cathode in simulative and Ca/Mg-free seawater-electrolysis systems,which could stably work under 500 mA/cm^(2) for over 100 h.We attribute the high stability to the increased Na^(+)concentration,which reduces the concentration of dissolved Cl-in the electrolyte according to the common-ion effect,resulting in crystallization of NaCl,eliminated anode corrosion,and chlorine oxidation during continuous supplementation of Ca/Mg-free seawater to the electrolysis system.
基金Yihua Wang would like to acknowledge partial support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFA0301002 and 2017YFA0303000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11827805)+4 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project Da Jiang would like to acknowledge partial support by the‘‘Strategic Priority Research Program(B)”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB04040300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11274333)Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Shaoyu Yin would like to acknowledge support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11704072)Work at Stanford was supported by an NSF IMR-MIP(DMR-0957616)part of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure under award ECCS-1542152.
基金supported by Bijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China(No.LC2020L03)and Bejig Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z1811000-01618003).
文摘The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors,such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4,has played an important role in the development of cancer immunotherapy.However,immune-related adverse events often occur because of the enhanced immune response enabled by these agents.Antibiotics are widely applied in clinical treatment,and they are inevitably used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Clinical practice has revealed that antibiotics can weaken the therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is essential for the interaction between immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics,although the exact mechanisms remain unclear.This review focuses on the interactions between immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics,with an in-depth discussion about the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of modulating gut microbiota,as well as other new combination strategies.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.CDJXS10160001)the Central University Postgradu-ate’ Science and Innovation Funds of China (Grant No.CDJXS12160005)
文摘Computer-aided protein-coding gene prediction in uncharacterized genomic DNA sequences is one of the most important issues of bio- logical signal processing. A modified filter method based on a statistically optimal null filter （SONF） theory is proposed for recognizing protein-coding regions. The square deviation gain （SDG） between the input and output of the model is used to identify the coding regions. The effective SDG amplification model with Class I and Class II enhancement is designed to suppress the non-coding regions. Also, an evaluation algorithm has been used to compare the modified model with most gene prediction methods currently available in terms of sensitivity, specificity and precision. The performance for identification of protein-coding regions has been evaluated at the nucleotide level using benchmark datasets and 91.4%, 96%, 93.7% were obtained for sensitivity, specificity and precision, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed model is potentially useful in gene finding field, which can help recognize protein-coding regions with higher precision and speed than present algorithms.
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1400100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11827805 and 12150003)+12 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2019SHZDZX01)support by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFE0202600)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Z200005)support from JSPS KAKENHI (19H05790, 20H00354, and 21H05233)A3 Foresight by JSPSfinancial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11874115)financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China (2018YFE0202700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974422)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB30000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Chinathe Research Funds of Renmin University of China (22XNKJ30)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12104504)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021 M693479)。
