Calcyclin-binding protein contributes to cholangiocarcinoma progression by inhibiting ubiquitination of MCM2

Background:Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)represents the epithelial cell cancer with high aggressiveness whose five-year survival rate is poor with standard treatment.Calcyclin-binding protein(CACYBP)shows aberrant expression within several malignant tumors,but the role of CACYBP in CCA remains unknown.Methods:Immunohistochemical(IHC)analysis was used to identify CACYBP overexpression in clinical samples of CCA patients.Moreover,its correlation with clinical outcome was revealed.Furthermore,CACYBP’s effect on CCA cell growth and invasion was investigated in vitro and in vivo using loss-of-function experiments.Results:CACYBP showed up-regulation in CCA,which predicts the dismal prognostic outcome.CACYBP had an important effect on in-vitro and in-vivo cancer cell proliferation and migration.Additionally,knockdown of CACYBP weakened protein stability by promoting ubiquitination of MCM2.Accordingly,MCM2 up-regulation partly reversed CACYBP deficiency’s inhibition against cancer cell viability and invasion.Thus,MCM2 might drive CCA development by Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Conclusions:CACYBP exerted a tumor-promoting role in CCA by suppressing ubiquitination of MCM2 and activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway,hence revealing that it may be the possible therapeutic target for CCA treatment.

The evolution of anatomical hepatectomy:Past,present,and future

The liver contains a complex structure of blood vessels and bile ducts,and the vascular structure is highly variable.The anatomical segmentation of the liver is still controversial,and the Couinaud segmentation method based on the portal vein is more widely used in clinical practice.The treatment of liver tumors and other lesions is closely related to the liver anatomy.The mechanism of liver tumor invasion and metastasis is complex,and it is currently believed that tumor invasion mainly spreads along the portal vein.Anatomic liver resection is an important surgical method for liver diseases,especially liver tumors.This article reviews the vascular structure of the liver,the development of anatomical hepatectomy,blood flow control,surgical planning,intraoperative navigation,minimally invasive surgery,and precise hepatectomy.Anatomic liver resection is a part of precision liver surgery,which is becoming increasingly more precise in terms of surgical evaluation,surgical planning,and surgical operation.New technologies will facilitate precision surgery with less trauma and greater benefits for patients.With the development and advancement of technology,image-based surgical planning and intraoperative surgical navigation will become more widely used in precision liver surgery.