Epidemiological aspects of ocular superglue injuries

AIM: To report the frequency, associated risk factors and characteristics of cases referred to Farabi Eye Hospital with ocular superglue injuries.· METHODS: In a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between December 2012 and February 2013,patients with ocular superglue injuries were evaluated.Age, sex, educational level, location, time, mechanism,type, site and time of eye injury were gathered through interview using a customized questionnaire. All participants had given consent to undergo thorough eye examination.· RESULTS: Over the course of three months, 105 patients with ocular superglue injuries enrolled in the study, including 56(53.3%) men and 49(46.7%) women with the mean age of 24.7 ±11.6(range, 2 to 53)y. The right eye, left eye and both eyes were involved in 52%,42% and 6% of the patients, respectively. Most of injuries had occurred at home(72.4%) and at night(55%). More than half of patients(52.4%) did not take any primary aids following the ocular injury. Patient carelessness(78.1%), childhood curiosity and lack of parental supervision(11.4%), storing superglue in inappropriate places and inadvertently using superglue as eye drops due to poor vision(2.9%), inadequate awareness of superglue applications [used to stick on artificial nails(3.8%), artificial eyelashes(1.9%) and broken tooth(1%)]and being assaulted with glue(1%) were common risk factors.· CONCLUSION: The frequency of ocular superglue injuries in patients referred to Farabi Eye Hospital is relatively high. This finding underlines the importance of public education and awareness about superglue injuries to the eye and taking protective measures and safety strategies in order to prevent these injures.

A theoretical framework for interaction of nursing discipline with genetics and genomics

Background:Since the completion of the Human Genome Project,health science has been strongly influenced by the advances in genetics and genomics.However,the progress of embracing genetics and genomics into nursing discipline is limited.One of the main barriers is lack of understanding on the relevancy of genetics and genomics to nursing discipline.Objectives:This paper aims to synthesize and develop a theoretical framework for the interaction of nursing discipline with genetics and genomics.Methods:Through content analysis and constant comparative method,a theoretical framework was developed from synthesis of the studies regarding nursing and genetics/genomics indexed in multiple English and Chinese databases.Results:Four main theoretical statements were constructed in the framework:1)There are three ways to show how genetics and genomics can influence nursing discipline:a new specialty,new technologies and a new lens;2)The significant contribution of nursing discipline to genetics and genomics lies in how nurses could focus on the association between human responses and genes and how nurses could advocate for their clients in the genetic and genomic era;3)A paradigm shift occurs after a constant interaction of nursing discipline with genetics and genomics;4)Implementation strategies could be used to facilitate the integration of genetics and genomics to nursing discipline and advance the paradigm shift.Conclusions:The framework will help to understand the relationship between nursing discipline and genetics and genomics and implicate the future studies integrating genetics and genomic science into nursing discipline.