Safety Risk Assessment of Overturning Construction of Towering Structure Based on Cloud Matter–Element Coupled Model

Rapid urbanization has led to a surge in the number of towering structures,and overturning is widely used because it can better accommodate the construction of shaped structures such as variable sections.The complexity of the construction process makes the construction risk have certain randomness,so this paper proposes a cloudbased coupled matter-element model to address the ambiguity and randomness in the safety risk assessment of overturning construction of towering structures.In the pretended model,the digital eigenvalues of the cloud model are used to replace the eigenvalues in the matter–element basic element,and calculate the cloud correlation of the risk assessment metrics through the correlation algorithm of the cloud model to build the computational model.Meanwhile,the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model is used to determine the weight of the index.The comprehensive evaluation scores of the evaluation event are then obtained through the weighted average method,and the safety risk level is determined accordingly.Through empirical analysis,(1)the improved hierarchical analysis method based on the cloud model can incorporate the data of multiple decisionmakers into the calculation formula to determine theweights,which makes the assessment resultsmore credible;(2)the evaluation results of the cloud-basedmatter-element coupledmodelmethod are basically consistent with those of the other two commonly used methods,and the confidence factor is less than 0.05,indicating that the cloudbased physical element coupled model method is reasonable and practical for towering structure overturning;(3)the cloud-based coupled element model method,which confirms the reliability of risk level by performing Spearman correlation on comprehensive assessment scores,can provide more comprehensive information of instances compared with other methods,and more comprehensively reflects the fuzzy uncertainty relationship between assessment indexes,which makes the assessment results more realistic,scientific and reliable.

酸气回注--酸气处理的另一途径

目前在北美,很多生产富含硫化氢和二氧化碳的天然气公司均采用一种新技术处理其废气,该废气的主要成分为硫化氢和二氧化碳,故称为"酸气"。这种处理酸气的过程被称为酸气回注系统,其过程主要涉及酸气压缩、输送以及注入地下储存层。这种酸气回注技术解决了地面硫的回收和二氧化碳排放对空气污染的问题,已经逐渐成为一种切实可行的酸气处理方法。为此,针对不同回注酸气流的组成,分别从回注酸气的地层、回注酸气的管道、酸气流体相包络曲线、酸气压缩机、酸气含水量和压缩机操作过程中的注意事项等方面全面介绍了酸气回注技术及酸气回注系统的设计要点。该方法是酸气处理的另一条途经。

Study on the Economic Insulation Thickness of the Buried Hot Oil Pipelines Based on Environment Factors

It is important to determine the insulation thickness in the design of the buried hot oil pipelines.The economic thickness of the insulation layer not only meets the needs of the project but also maximizes the investment and environmental benefits.However,as a significant evaluation,the environmental factors haven’t been considered in the previous study.Considering this factor,the mathematical model of economic insulation thickness of the buried hot oil pipelines is built in this paper,which is solved by the golden section method while considering the costs of investment,operation,environment,the time value of money.The environmental cost is determined according to the pollutant discharge calculated through relating heat loss of the pipelines to the air emission while building the model.The results primarily showed that the most saving fuel is natural gas,followed by LPG,fuel oil,and coal.The fuel consumption for identical insulation thickness is in the order:coal,fuel oil,LPG,and natural gas.When taking the environmental costs into account,the thicker the economic insulation layer is,the higher cost it will be.Meanwhile,the more pollutant discharge,the thicker the economic insulation layer will be.