This study focuses on developing deep learning methods for small and dim target detection.We model infrared images as the union of the target region and background region.Based on this model,the target detection probl...This study focuses on developing deep learning methods for small and dim target detection.We model infrared images as the union of the target region and background region.Based on this model,the target detection problem is considered a two‐class segmentation problem that divides an image into the target and background.Therefore,a neural network called SDDNet for single‐frame images is constructed.The network yields target extraction results according to the original images.For multiframe images,a network called IC‐SDDNet,a combination of SDDNet and an interframe correlation network module is constructed.SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet achieve target detection rates close to 1 on typical datasets with very low false positives,thereby performing significantly better than current methods.Both models can be executed end to end,so both are very convenient to use,and their implementation efficiency is very high.Average speeds of 540+/230+FPS and 170+/60+FPS are achieved with SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet on a single Tesla V100 graphics processing unit and a single Jetson TX2 embedded module respectively.Additionally,neither network needs to use future information,so both networks can be directly used in real‐time systems.The well‐trained models and codes used in this study are available at https://github.com/LittlePieces/ObjectDetection.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Breast cancer awareness plays a crucial role in promoting screening attendance,enabling early detection,and improving survival rates associated with breast cancer.Neverth...Summary What is already known about this topic?Breast cancer awareness plays a crucial role in promoting screening attendance,enabling early detection,and improving survival rates associated with breast cancer.Nevertheless,a persistent issue is the low public awareness of breast cancer warning signs and risk factors.展开更多
Summary What is already known about this topic?Psychological and lifestyle factors are known to potentially play a significant role in the development of breast cancer.However,current evidence-based studies present co...Summary What is already known about this topic?Psychological and lifestyle factors are known to potentially play a significant role in the development of breast cancer.However,current evidence-based studies present controversial findings on the associations between depression,sleep duration,and breast cancer risk.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Human papillomavirus(HPV)type-specific strategies play a key role in the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),but evidence on the HPV type-specific prevalence in...What is already known about this topic?Human papillomavirus(HPV)type-specific strategies play a key role in the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),but evidence on the HPV type-specific prevalence in CIN is limited.What is added by this report?This multicentric study estimates the prevalence of high-risk HPV types in CIN cases and the associations of HPV infection patterns with high-grade CIN in China in 2017–2018.What are the implications for public health practice?Population-based prevention strategies should give preference to HPV-16 and 18,and strategies for non-16/18 high-risk HPV are essential for the elimination of cervical cancer.展开更多
Introduction:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has become a major public health problem in China.However,prevalence of COPD by demographics in different regions has not been estimated.This analysis aims to co...Introduction:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has become a major public health problem in China.However,prevalence of COPD by demographics in different regions has not been estimated.This analysis aims to compare the prevalence of COPD by age and sex and the prevalence of disease severity by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)stages in the East,Central,and West of China.Methods:Data from a nationwide surveillance in China between 2014 and 2015 were used,which recruited 66,752 adults aged 40 years or over.All participants underwent pre-and post-bronchodilator pulmonary function tests.COPD and the severity of disease were defined based on the 2018 GOLD lung function criteria.Results:The prevalence of COPD was 13.7%,10.9%,and 16.9%in the East,Central,and West,respectively.In all age and gender groups,the prevalence was highest in the West,followed by the East,with the lowest prevalence in Central.The prevalence of mild disease(GOLD stage I),moderate disease(GOLD stage II),severe disease(GOLD stage III),and very severe disease(GOLD stage IV)was also the highest in the West.The prevalence of COPD in each region increased significantly with age and was consistently higher in men than in women.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:With the support of Healthy China 2030,the government should widely publicize the risk factors and early symptoms of COPD to promote the prevention on COPD and the awareness of early detection among population.The capacity of diagnosis and treatment of COPD among primary healthcare institutions and healthcare workers should be strengthened,particularly in the West,where the prevalence of COPD is comparatively high and health resources are relatively scarce.展开更多
文摘This study focuses on developing deep learning methods for small and dim target detection.We model infrared images as the union of the target region and background region.Based on this model,the target detection problem is considered a two‐class segmentation problem that divides an image into the target and background.Therefore,a neural network called SDDNet for single‐frame images is constructed.The network yields target extraction results according to the original images.For multiframe images,a network called IC‐SDDNet,a combination of SDDNet and an interframe correlation network module is constructed.SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet achieve target detection rates close to 1 on typical datasets with very low false positives,thereby performing significantly better than current methods.Both models can be executed end to end,so both are very convenient to use,and their implementation efficiency is very high.Average speeds of 540+/230+FPS and 170+/60+FPS are achieved with SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet on a single Tesla V100 graphics processing unit and a single Jetson TX2 embedded module respectively.Additionally,neither network needs to use future information,so both networks can be directly used in real‐time systems.The well‐trained models and codes used in this study are available at https://github.com/LittlePieces/ObjectDetection.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0901300,2016YFC0901301).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Breast cancer awareness plays a crucial role in promoting screening attendance,enabling early detection,and improving survival rates associated with breast cancer.Nevertheless,a persistent issue is the low public awareness of breast cancer warning signs and risk factors.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC 0901300,2016YFC0901301).
文摘Summary What is already known about this topic?Psychological and lifestyle factors are known to potentially play a significant role in the development of breast cancer.However,current evidence-based studies present controversial findings on the associations between depression,sleep duration,and breast cancer risk.
基金Chinese Association of Maternal and Child Health Studies(2017AMCHS006)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903328).
文摘What is already known about this topic?Human papillomavirus(HPV)type-specific strategies play a key role in the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN),but evidence on the HPV type-specific prevalence in CIN is limited.What is added by this report?This multicentric study estimates the prevalence of high-risk HPV types in CIN cases and the associations of HPV infection patterns with high-grade CIN in China in 2017–2018.What are the implications for public health practice?Population-based prevention strategies should give preference to HPV-16 and 18,and strategies for non-16/18 high-risk HPV are essential for the elimination of cervical cancer.
文摘Introduction:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has become a major public health problem in China.However,prevalence of COPD by demographics in different regions has not been estimated.This analysis aims to compare the prevalence of COPD by age and sex and the prevalence of disease severity by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD)stages in the East,Central,and West of China.Methods:Data from a nationwide surveillance in China between 2014 and 2015 were used,which recruited 66,752 adults aged 40 years or over.All participants underwent pre-and post-bronchodilator pulmonary function tests.COPD and the severity of disease were defined based on the 2018 GOLD lung function criteria.Results:The prevalence of COPD was 13.7%,10.9%,and 16.9%in the East,Central,and West,respectively.In all age and gender groups,the prevalence was highest in the West,followed by the East,with the lowest prevalence in Central.The prevalence of mild disease(GOLD stage I),moderate disease(GOLD stage II),severe disease(GOLD stage III),and very severe disease(GOLD stage IV)was also the highest in the West.The prevalence of COPD in each region increased significantly with age and was consistently higher in men than in women.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:With the support of Healthy China 2030,the government should widely publicize the risk factors and early symptoms of COPD to promote the prevention on COPD and the awareness of early detection among population.The capacity of diagnosis and treatment of COPD among primary healthcare institutions and healthcare workers should be strengthened,particularly in the West,where the prevalence of COPD is comparatively high and health resources are relatively scarce.
